HV 

S030 

MM3 


The  First  Six  Months 


of     • 

Prohibition  in  Arizona 


and  its 


Effect  Upon  Industry,  Savings  an** 
Municipal  Government 


By  Thomas  K.  Marshall 


Tucson,  Arizona 


o 


C.pyrijbl.  ISIS.  b>   Th.».«  K.  Mnr.lii.il 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2007  with  funding  from 

Microsoft  Corporation 


http://www.archive.org/details/firstsixmonthsofOOmarsrich 


* 6^ 


321753 


INDEX 

Page 

Automobiles   and    Pleasures 54—59 

Approximate    Sales    of    Liquors. 11 

Arrests  by  United  States  Marshal 11 

Boys  Attending  School 54 

Building    Permits,    Tucson 60 

Banks 19 

County  and   City   Government 25 

Coconino     26 

Flagstaff     27 

Williams      28 

Cochise 29 

Douglas     3  2 

Bisbee 31 

Greenlee    38 

Graham     3  5- 

Maricopa     39 

Phoenix     41 

Mohave 44 

Pima 4!> 

Tucson 5$ 

Pinal   62 

Florence 64 

Santa  Cruz  65 

Nogales 65 

Gila 35 

Globe 38 

Yavapai  '.,.. 67 

Prescott     68 

Yuma    70 

City  of  Yuma  71 

Crime   in    Cities — Comparison 9 

Crime — Decrease  Under  Prohibition 7 

Copper  Queen  Record  of  Efficiency 4 

Decrease  of  Crime  in  Counties 8 

Drunkenness — Does   Prohibition    Prohibit? 9 

Household    Furniture    Increases 53 

Efficiency  of  Labor  Increases 4 

Industrial  School — Inmates   Compared 13 

Mines — Prohibition   and   Labor 4 

Luxuries   Increase 54 

Prohibition  and  the  State  Tax  Rate 16 

Prohibition — Its   Enforcement   51 

Prison — Commitments  to   12 

Public   Improvements   24 

Postal  Receipts   Compared  - 23 

Politics — How  It  Affects  Tax  Rates - 14 

Prohibition  Amendment  73 

Road   Improvements   24 

Reduction  of  Tax  Rates — Example 16 

School  Attendance  Compared  18 

Summary  of  Six  Months  of  1915 ^.. - 72 

Tax  Rates — Prohibition  and  Taxation  '...-..*.........,/— 1 13 

University  of  Arizona  Attendance  — — 17 

Valuations  of  Real  Estate : „\.„t....'v. :..:.». .::.. ■-,..:•. >% 53 

Vote   on    Amendment   .*-• J....X.... ..- ■-....». 2: 


ARIZONA    PROHIBITION    AMENDMENT 

The  prohibition  amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  the  State 
of  Arizona  is  as  follows: 

Section  I.  Ardent  spirits,  ale,  beer,  wine,  or  intoxicating  liquor 
or  liquors  of  whatever  kind  shall  not  be  manufactured  in,  or  intro- 
duced into  the  State  of  Arizona  under  any  pretense.  Every  person 
who  sells,  exchanges,  givco,  barters,  or  disposes  of  any  ardent  spirits, 
ale,  beer,  wine,  or  intoxicating  liquor  of  any  kind,  to  any  person  in 
the  State  of  Arizona,  or  who  manufactures,  or  introduces  into,  or 
attempts  to  introduce  into  the  State  of  Arizona  any  ardent  spirits, 
ale,  beer,  wine,  or  intoxicating  liquor  of  any  kind,  shall  be  guilty  of 
a  misdemeanor  and  upon  conviction  shall  be  imprisoned  for  not 
less  than  ten  days  nor  more  than  two  years,  and  fined  not  less  than 
twenty-five  dollars  and  costs  nor  more  than  three  hundred  dollars 
and  costs  for  each  offense;  provided,  that  nothing  in  this  amend- 
ment contained  shall  apply  to  the  manufacture  or  sale  of  denatured 
alcohol. 

Section  2.  The  legislature  shall  by  appropriate  legislation  pro- 
vide for  the  carrying  into  effect  of  this  amendment. 

Section  3.  This  amendment  shall  take  effect  on,  and  be  in 
force  on  and  after  the  first  day  of  January,  191 5. 

It  was  voted  upon  November  3,  19 14.  It  went  into  effect  Jan- 
uary 1,  1915. 

The  vote  was  as  follows: 
For,  25,887. 
Against,  22,743. 
Arizona  has  equal  suffrage. 


;  •":••.: 


The  First  Six  Months  of  Prohibition 

in  Arizona 


By  Thomas  K.  Marshall 
Tucson,  Arizona. 


In  order  to  ascertain  from  the  records  the  effect  of  prohibi- 
tion in  Arizona,  I  employed  Mr.  George  H.  Smalley,  an  expert 
engaged  in  municipal  and  research  work  in  Arizona,  and  a  member 
of  the  statistical  firm  of  Smalley  &  Badenhausen,  of  Tucson,  to 
make  a  complete  survey  of  the  state,  and  the  result  is  submitted 
herewith. 

Through  bank  deposits,  gross  postal  receipts,  the  expense  of 
public  and  private  charities,  and  interviews  with  merchants  over 
the  State,  there  is  shown  to  have  been  a  serious  depression  exist- 
ing in  Arizona  throughout  the  year  19 14  and  extending  into  191 5. 
A  decided  improvement  set  in  immediately  following  the  advent 
of  prohibition,  which  increased  each  month,  and  was  very  marked 
during  July,  August  and  September.  That  a  period  of  prosperity 
has  begun  there  can  be  no  doubt,  and  that  a  greater  number  of 
people  are  going  to  share  in  it  is  shown  from  the  great  improve- 
ment in  social  conditions  over  the  State. 

All  but  two  counties  in  the  State  have  increased  their  tax  rates 
in  191 5,  and  this,  coming  with  prohibition,  it  is  necessary  to  ascer- 
tain the  proportion  of  this  increase  in  each  county  due  to  prohi- 
bition, if  any.  If  any  increase  was  due  to  prohibition  it  must  come 
through  the  public  welfare  departments — the  sheriff's  office,  the 
superior  and  justice  courts.  I  have  been  able  to  show  from  the 
records  that  these  departments  of  most  of  the  counties  have  de- 
creased during  the  six  months'  period  due  to  prohibition.  All  over 
the  state  juries  have  been  prompt  in  convicting  violators  of  the 
prohibition  amendment,  and  the  counties  have  been  reimbursed  by 

3 


fines,  which  in  most  instances  more  than  offset  the  cost  of  prose- 
cutions. With  hundreds  of  offenses  which  were  committed  in  19 14 
coming  on  for  trial  in  191 5,  the  actual  benefit  that  has  come  to 
municipalities  does  not  appear  accurately,  but  based  upon  the  later 
months  affords  a  better  comparison.  Notwithstanding  this,  the 
results  are  overwhelming  in  favor  of  the  beneficial  effects  of  pro- 
hibition. 

Pinal  county  had  seventeen  murders  and  attempts  to  kill  dur- 
ing the  first  six  months  of  19 14  and  none  for  the  same  period  of 
191 5;  Cochise  county's  notorious  murder  record  has  fallen  off  fifty 
per  cent,  and  many  of  the  outlying  county  jails  have  not  had  an 
inmate  during  the  191 5  period.  Sheriffs  and  city  marshals  all  over 
the  State  are  so  well  pleased  with  the  decreased  demands  upon  them 
owing  to  the  curtailment  of  crime  that  many  of  them  are  now  out- 
spoken in  favor  of  prohibition.  Billy  Bayless,  city  marshal  of  Flag- 
staff, declared  that  he  would  never  again  serve  as  a  peace  officer 
in  a  wet  town.  The  police-  judge  of  that  city  who  is  paid  $1.00 
for  each  criminal  case,  finds  that  he  is  suddenly  cut  off  from  fees 
due  to  the  great  decrease  in  crime.  Phoenix  had  1125  less  arrests 
during  the  191 5  period  compared  with  the  corresponding  six 
months.  In  the  lumber  camps  of  northern  Arizona  the  efficiency 
increased  to  such  an  extent  that  more  logs  are  gotten  out  by  a  lesser 
number  of  men,  and  bank  accounts  have  been  opened  by  laborers 
who  never  had  experienced  such  thrift  before. 

Efficiency  of  Labor  Increases. 

The  increased  efficiency  of  labor  in  the  mines  and  smelters 
is  very  marked.  The  Copper  Queen,  the  largest  mining  and 
smelting  company  in  Arizona,  reports  31-4  less  loss  of  time  per 
1,000  shifts  in  191 5  than  in  191 4.  The  accident  ratio  of  1914 
wa9(  2.6  per  1,000  shifts  and  for  191 5  it  is  forty-five  onehun- 
dredths,  or  less  than  one-half  of  one  per  cent.  There  are  a  great 
many  more  men  employed,  too,  in  191 5,  than  the  prior  year. 
The  Old  Dominion  copper  mining  and  smelting  company  at 
Globe  does  not  compile  particular  data  relative  to  the  subject 
but  reports  the  work  of  laborers  much  more  regular  and  the 
laying  off  much  less  since  prohibition.  The  Calumet  &  Arizona 
company  and  the  Superior  &  Pittsburg  Copper  Company  of 
the  Warren  district  report  the  number  of  men  who  now  lav  off 


the  day  after  pay  day  as  practically  negligible.  The  following 
is  quoted  from  the  report  of  the  Calumet  &  Arizona  company: 
"We  have  always  had  a  large  number  of  steady  men  in  our  em- 
ploy. It  is  the  individual  cases  that  stand  out  most  prominently. 
Many  men  who  were  in  the  habit  of  laying  off  for  two  or  three 
days  every  month  have  discontinued  this  practice  since  the  first 
of  the  year,  and  without  a  question  their  efficiency  has  been 
increased.  It  is  safe  to  say  that  prohibition  has  had  a  decidedly 
good  effect,  especially  as  regards  labor  in  this  camp/' 

The  Arizona  Copper  Company,  limited,  of  Clifton,  reports 
as  follows:  "Our  records  show  that  during  the  eight  months 
from  January  to  August,  19 14,  the  percentage  of  our  employes 
who  reported  for  work  on  the  day  succeeding  pay-day  was  84 
percent;  during  the  same  period  in  the  year  191 5  the  percentage 
of  employes  reporting  for  work  was  89  percent,  an  increase  of 
5  percent.  These  figures  alone  do  not,  in  our  opinion,  tell  the 
complete  story  of  the  increase  in  efficiency  in  a  mining  camp 
such  as  ours  due  to  the  prohibition  law." 

All  over  the  state  the  reports  gleaned  from  interviews  with 
mining  employers  show  similar  benefits  to  efficiency  of  labor. 
Banks  savings  accounts  increase  nearly  $400,000  the  first  six 
months,  and  the  deposits  of  all  banks  in  the  state  increased 
nearly  $3,000,000  up  to  September  of  191 5,  compared  with  the 
preceding  period  of  19 14.  There  has  been  a  complete  recovery 
from  the  financial  depression  of  19 14,  and  it  is  directly  traceable 
to  the  thrift  of  laborers.  Arizona's  manufacturing  industry,  the 
production  of  copper,  and  its  mining  industry,  returns  nothing 
to  the  State  except  what  labor  gives,  for  the  product  goes  out 
and  lessens  to  that  extent  the  wealth.  So  if  labor  is  thrifty  and 
more  efficient  the  State  becomes  greater  in  wealth,  prosperity, 
efficiency  and  happiness.  A  loss  of  25  percent  in  efficiency 
where  there  is  a  possible  monthly  payroll  of  several  large  mines 
of  $4,000,000.00  means  that  the  State  has  lost  $1,000,000.00 
in  actual  money.  That  prohibition  has  promoted  temperance 
and  efficiency  there*  is  not  a  shadow  of  doubt.  It  is  apparent 
in  every  camp  in  the  State  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  according 
to  the  standard  of  men  employed. 

In  most  camps  of  the  State  the  greater  number  of  men  are 
sober  and  industrions,  and  the  illustrations  of  increased  effi- 


ciency  are  applicable  only  to  individual  cases  in  each  camp. 
There  is  no  reflection  upon  labor  as  a  whole  in  making  such 
comparisons,  but  where  large  groups  of  men  are  employed  there 
is  always  a  certain  percentage  inefficient  under  liquor  condi- 
tions. It  is  such  men  who  have  been  benefitted  by  depriving 
them  of  liquor. 

Delegates  of  labor  unions  who  visit  members  each  shift 
of  the  day  were  interviewed  and  they  are  unanimous  in  the 
assertions  that  laborers  are  more  constant,  their  homes  are  better 
provided,  their  children  fed  better  and  clothed,  and  the  trouble 
that  was  formerly  of  serious  import  to  delegates  in  finding 
many  of  their  men  missing  from  work  days  after  pay-day,  has 
completely  disappeared.  These  delegates,  known  in  the  unions 
as  walking  delegates,  perhaps  have  a  better  insight  into  general 
conditions  than  anyone  else,  for  they  come  in  daily  contact  with 
their  men. 

Hotel  men  report  very  little  trouble  with  help,  and  con- 
tractors all  over  the  State  are  impressed  with  the  change  that 
has  come  in  labor  conditions.  Those  who  have  observed  living 
conditions  amongst  the  Mexicans  have  discovered  hundreds  of 
individual  cases  of  marked  improvement. 

Cattlemen  declare  that  the  cowboys  do  not  care  any  more 
for  carousals  in  town.  Sheepmen,  many  of  them  who  opposed 
prohibition,  now  emphatically  commend  it  as  an  agency  for  pro- 
moting temperance  and  increasing  efficiency. 

An  effort  was  made  to  secure  the  food  stuffs  shipped  into 
the  State  for  the  first  six  months  of  191 5  compared  with  1914, 
but  due  to  the  abnormal  financial  conditions  of  19 14,  and  the 
improved  conditions  setting  in  soon  after  the  first  of  191 5,  such 
a  comparison  was  found  to  be  unjust.  All  stocks  were  reduced 
and  buying  curtailed  in  19 14  due  to  this  depression.  Some  mer- 
chants did  but  fifty  percent  of  the  business  of  1013.  The  de- 
pression extended  to  all  lines  of  trades,  and  the  railways  found 
that  the  freight  receipts  had  fallen  off  considerably.  When 
191 5  came  and  the  improvement  began  to  set  in,  the  compari- 
sons month  by  month  with  19 14  were  soon  abandoned  because 
of  the  abnormal  conditions  of  that  year.  It  must  be  borne  in 
mind  the  fact  that  during  191 4  while  this  depression  was  on, 
stocks  of  liquor  were  being  replenished  in  the  State  and  there 


was  no  decrease  in  the  number  of  saloons.  A  half  million  dollars 
of  liquor  was  brought  into  Arizona  that  year,  which  the  rail- 
roads have  now  lost,  yet  the  total  shipments  handled  will  not 
allow  a  just  comparison  with  the  first  eight  months  of  191 5. 
In  other  words,  the  loss  of  liquor  shipments  has  been  made  up 
by  food  stuffs.  General  Freight  Agent  Hallmark  of  the  Ari- 
zona Eastern  has  found  this  to  be  true  of  his  line,  and  the  gen- 
eral improved  conditions  extend  throughout  the  State. 

The  increased  attendance  of  boys  in  the  public  and  private 
schools  of  the  State  is  very  marked,  showing  that  many  boys 
heretofore  compelled  to  work  to  help  their  fathers  support  the 
family,  are  now  enjoying  the  benefits  of  educational  institu- 
tions. There  has  been  an  increase  of  about  2,000  in  school  at- 
tendance over  the  State. 

Rapid  Decrease  in  Crime  Under  Prohibition. 

The  following  statements  are  proof  of  the  excellent  results 
of  prohibition  in  Arizona  during  the  six  months  of  191 5.  Crime 
in  counties  where  saloons  prevailed  in  1914  has  fallen  off  37.3 
percent.  In  the  cities  reported  in  the  tables  there  was  a  decrease 
of  over  50  per  cent.  Drunkenness  decreased  85  percent,  and 
there  were  199  violations  of  the  prohibition  amendment  in  the 
counties  of  the  State  during  the  period. 

This  remarkable  showing  is  for  the  six  months  immediately 
following  prohibition  in  Arizona  when  444  saloons  were  stopped 
from  selling  liquor  but  many  of  them  still  well  stocked  and 
liquor  plentiful  in  the  State.  The  statistics  are  the  cold  facts 
of  a  statistician.  My  deductions  from  the  data  presented  must 
■.  become  the  conclusion  of  every  reasonable  man  and  woman  in 
the  State — that  prohibition  has  been  a  wonderful  boon  to  the 
people  of  the  State. 

The  moral  effect  can  never  be  definitely  known.  You  and 
I  have  seen  many  individual  cases,  but  there  are  thousands  of 
them  in  the  State  when  there  were  2880  less  arrests  for  drunken- 
ness in  six  months.  The  statistics  merely  point  an  index  finger 
to  the  great  unseen  and  unknown  benefit  that  has  come  to  the 
thousands  of  men,  women  and  children  in  Arizona. 

The  great  increase  shown  by  many  counties  in  the  attend- 


ance  of  boys  in  schools  shows  that  the  fathers  are  now  working 
and  providing  for  their  families  who  heretofore  wasted  their 
money  and  compelled  their  boys  to  work. 

A  trifle  over  three  mills  makes  up  the  loss  to  counties  of 
revenue  deprived  them  through  the  elimination  of  the  saloons. 
Is  it  worth  that  pittance?  Read  the  pages  following  containing 
the  tables  of  decreased  arrests  and  the  lessening  of  all  crimes, 
and  then  pass  your  sober  judgment  upon  the  effects  of  prohibi- 
tion in  Arizona  during  the  brief  period  of  six  months. 

Decrease  of  Crime  in  Counties. 

The  following  table  includes  all  the  counties  that  were 
wholly  "wet"  in  19 14,  and  shows  the  effect  of  prohibition  dur- 
ing six  months  of  191 5.  It  also  gives  the  per  capita  costs  of  ar- 
rests, the  saving  through  decreased  arrests  for  six  months,  the 
number  of  saloons  in  each  county  and  the  revenue  from  licenses. 
The  number  of  saloons  varied  in  many  counties  during  the  year, 
and  I  have  taken  the  number  at  the  close  of  19 14,  just  prior  to 
prohibition,  when  many  had  gone  out  of  business  anticipating 
the  victory  for  prohibition  in  Arizona : 

Commitments  Per-capita  Saving  by  in  umber  Loss  saloon 

1st  six  mo.  cost  decreased  saloons  revenue 

County           1914  1915  arrests  arrests  1914  1915 

Coconino    62  34  $108.50  $    7,272.48        17  $      5,100-00 

Cochise     149  122  141.15  6,567.73  107  42,762.50 

Greenlee     473  159  28.30  4,487.76       55  13,125.00 

Gila    138  90  102.20  1,985.20        67  21,100.00 

Pinal     138  52  61.30  3,105.00        25  7,500.00 

Pima     302  247  12.57  396.00        34  10,200.00 

Mohave     90  23  83.47  2,751.84        14  4,200.00 

Maricopa    157  201  122.29  1,030.74        31  9,300.00 

Yavapai    143  83  93.63  lo.895.84        60  18,000.00 

Yuma    388  166  21.49  7,681.40        23  6,900.00 

Santa  Cruz  ...       94  161  28.90  1,600.00        11  3.300.00 


2134      1,338  $50,773.98     444        $141,487.50 

Decrease     .....  79  6 

2,134      2,134 

This  shows  a  decrease  in  commitments  to  county  jails  of 
37.3  percent  for  the  six  months  following  prohibition.  There 
are  fourteen  counties  in  Arizona,  but  Graham,  Apache  and  a 


portion  of  Navajo  were  dry  in  19 14.  Maricopa  and  Santa  Cruz 
were  the  only  counties  which  exceeded  19 14  in  commitments 
In  Santa  Cruz  many  of  the  commitments  were  for  United  State*- 
offenses,  and  were  not  segregated  as  in  the  other  counties.  Thf 
total  saving  estimated  upon  the  per  capita  cost  of  arrests  in  tht- 
foregoing  table  is  computed  for  the  entire  year  upon  the  six 
months'  basis.  Wholesale  and  retail  liquor  licenses  are  included 
in  the  number  of  saloons.  The  statement  of  arrests  shows  only 
ihose  committed  to  serve  sentence. 

Comparison  of  Crime  in  Cities  and  Towns  in  Arizona. 

The  cities  and  towns  in  the  State  show  a  greater  decrease 
in  offenses  than  the  counties.  The  following  table  shows  that 
there  was  a  falling  off  of  a  little  over  50  percent  in  arrests  for 
all  offenses  during  the  six  months  of  191 5  compared  with  the 
same  period  of  19 14.  Yuma  city  arrests  were  not  recorded  prior 
to  August,  1 9 14,  hence  no  comparison  can  be  made  of  that  city. 

Arrests  Per  capita  Saving  by  Number  Loss  saloon 

six  mo.  of  cost  decreased  saloons  revenue 

City                  1914       1915  arrests  arrests  1914             1915 

Bisbee     581  164  $    8.72  $    6,076.00  30        ?    17,254.00 

Douglas    458  229  14.34  7,620.10  15  13,200.00 

Prescott    90  44  48.78  17,772.40  26               5,200.00 

Florence     ....       33  5  35.45  9,811.20  6               1,200.00 

Flagstaff    .....        90  21  22.50  10,543.60  8                1,600.00 

Williams     ....        83  50  6.00  1,382.70  8                1,600.00 

Tombstone   ...       85  7  17.64  11,184.98  6                1,200.00 

Tucson    702  661  12.57  1  28  28,000.00 

Phoenix    2,059  995  6.53  11,235.60  30  20,144.00 

Globe    612  214  9.65  9,541.56  18  10,000.00 

Yuma    16                1,600.00 


4,793      2,390  $85,170.14  $100,998.00 

Decrease     2,403 

4,793      4,793 
Decrease,   50.1%. 

The  saloons  in  the  foregoing  table  are  included  in  the  total 
saloons  of  the  counties. 

Does  Prohibition  Prohibit? 

The  following  compilation  of  arrests  for  drunkenness  for 

9 


the  six  months'  period  of  1914  and  191 5  shows  conditions  imme- 
diately following  prohibition  in  Arizona  when  liquor  was  still 
plentiful  in  many  quarters.  People  stocked  up  with  supplies 
of  liquor  and  there  was  much  boot-legging  going  on,  which  was 
expected.  The  officers  throughout  the  State  are  making  an 
effort  to  stop  this  sale  of  liquor  and  just  how  successful  they 
have  been  is  shown  to  a  great  extent  through  arrests : 

Arrests  for         Prohib'tn 
drunkenness         violations 

First  six  months  of: —     1914  1915  1915 

Coconino  county  3  o              18 

Flagstaff    city   75  5 

Cochise  county  23 

Bisbee  _ 472  98 

Douglas   277  27 

Tombstone  '.. 85  7 

Mahove  county  6 

Kingman   24  1 

Santa  Cruz  county _ 28  25              51 

Nogales   „ 80  70 

Yavapai  county  34  6             24 

Prescott   26  15 

Yuma  county 150  6               9 

Pinal  county  48  6               2 

Florence  _ 21  5 

Pima  county  10 

Tucson  345  90              10 

Maricopa  county  24 

Phoenix   12 10  85 

Greenlee  county _ 348  47             21 

Gila  county 1 1 

Globe 165  18 

Decreased     drunkenness 2890 

3401          3401  199 

Percentage  of  decrease  84.97  percent 

10 


i9i5 

6i 

129 

130 

13 

32 

7 

Federal  Arrests  Also  Decrease. 

The  following  table  shows  the  arrests  made  by  United  States 
Marshal  Joe  Dillon  in  Arizona  during  the  period;  also  the  commit- 
ments to  the  state  prison  and  industrial  school,  with  the  decrease 
for  1915: 

First  six  months  of       Decrease 
1914 

Arrests  by  U.  S.  Marshal .....190 

Commitments  to  State's  prison 143 

Commitments  State's  Industrial  school  39 
Decrease  of  Crime  of  Counties  and  Cities. 

The  percentage  of  decreased  crime  and  decreased  arrests  for 
counties  and  cities  are  as  follows: 

Eleven  counties  given  in  table 37.3  for  six  months 

Ten  cities  given  in  table 50. 1 

Approximate  Sales  of  Liquors  in  Arizona. 

In  order  to  give  some  idea  of  the  amount  of  money  spent  for 
liquor  in  Arizona  in  19 14,  the  following  tables  are  used  as  examples: 

Possible 

Total  saloons  in  11  counties       sales  1914  Aggregate  sales 
444                 $  5,000  $2,220,000.00 

444  $  8,000  $3,552,000.00 

444  $10,000  $4,440,000.00 

Where  has  this  money  spent  for  liquors  gone  to?  Look  again 
at  the  table  of  banks  deposits  for  six  months: 

Total  increase  of  deposits  from  Sept,  12, 
19 1 4,  to  September  2,  191 5,  46  State  and 
13  National  Banks  in  Arizona $2,931,204.36 


Look  at  the  statements  of  increased  efficiency  of  labor,  the  in- 
/  crease  attendance  of  boys  and  girls  at  school,  the  better  living  con- 
ditions,  and  the  immediate  change  for  prosperity  which  set  in  follow- 
i  ing  the}  closing  of  the  saloons.     The  million,  two  million,  or  three 

v 


million  dollars  spent  for  liquor  is  now  being  used  and  not  wasted. 
Prosperity  is  based  altogether  upon  thrift,  and  who  can  say  that  the 
people  of  Arizona  are  not  more  thrifty  now  than  they  were  when 
saloons  prevailed  in  the  State?  Every  table  of  statistics  proves  the 
economic  waste  under  liquor  conditions,  and  the  thrift  without 
saloons. 

Commitments  to  the  State  Prison. 

The  commitments  to  the  State  prison  at  Florence  for  the 
first  six  months  of  1914  and  191 5  are  given  below: 

1914  1915 

January 23  32 

February _ 16  18 

March  48  28 

April  15  17 

May 29  16 

June 12  19 


143  130 

Of  the  commitments  nine  were  for  murder  in  19 14  and  two  in 
I9I5- 

Many  of  the  commitments  for  191 5  were  for  crimes  committed 
during  1914  when  liquor  conditions  prevailed.  All  of  the  January 
191 5  commitments  numbering  32  and  practically  all  of  the  February 
commitments  were  crimes  committed  in  191 4.  All  of  the  19 14  com- 
mitments, on  the  other  hand,  were  for  crimes  committed  under  open 
saloon  conditions. 

With  the  January  and  February  commitments  for  191 5  deducted 

there  were  143  commitments  in  1914  against  80  in  191 5,  a  difference 
of  63. 

There  were  a  number  of  commitments  in  191 5  during  the  later 
months  given  above  for  crimes  committed  during  19 14,  the  trials 
having  been  delayed  for  various  reasons. 

The  deduction  indicates  a  decrease  of  43  percent  for  the  year 
in  commitments  to  the  State  prison. 

12 


Arrests  by  United  States  Marshal. 

The  records  of  the  United  States  Marshal's  office  in  Phoenix 
shows  the  following: 

For  the  first  six  months:                                  19 14  19 15 

Arrests  for  selling  liquor  to  Indians 145  36 

Illicit  distilling  of  liquor o  o 

Total  arrests  for  all  offenses _ 190  61 

A  falling  off  of  two-thirds  in  total  arrests  in  six  months 
shows  how  the  closing  of  saloons  directly  affected  crime.  This  ben- 
efit has  gone  directly  to  society  and  is  unmeasurable. 

Commitments  to  the  State  Industrial  School. 

The  following  table  shows  the  commitments  to  the  State  Indus- 
trial School  at  Fort  Grant.  The  first  few  months  of  191 5  represents 
the  culmination  of  offenses  committed  in  1914;  in  fact  the  entire 
period  of  191 5  represents  commitments  for  misguided  young  lives 
begun  under  liquor  conditions: 

^1914  1915 

Girls     Boys         Girls     Boys 

January 17  19 

February 14  03 

March  07  15 

April _ 32  01 

May 03  04 

June _ 07  12 

July  _...._ 04  14 

5  34  4         28 

Prohibition  and  Taxation. 

The  absurdity  of  the  statements  frequently  made  that  prohibi- 
tion increases  taxation  must  be  apparent  to  anyone  who  reads  the 
tables  of  decreased  crime.  Without  taking  any  credit  for  the  de- 
creased cost  of  county  government  through  the  lessening  of  crime, 
and  assuming  that  the  loss  of  saloon  license  reveune  is  each  county's 
net  loss  because  of  prohibition,  the  following  statement  shows  just 
how  much  prohibition  would  be  responsible  for  increased  tax  rates 
of  1915: 

13 


1914 

1915 

Total  tax  rates  for  county  pur- 

poses of  eleven  counties _ $7-97 

$9.31222 

Total  increase _ 

1.34222 

Average  increase  n  counties 

.122 

Total   taxable   wealth 

$395,396, 

177.14 

Total  loss  licenses  saloons 

Hi. 

487.14 

Tax    rate    necessary    to    raise 

amount  lost  through  licenses 

•0357 

Average  for  eleven  counties 

.0032 

Average  increase   in  tax  rates 

due  to  other  causes  than  prohi- 

bition   

.1188 

In  other  words,  the  above  statement  shows  that  the  increase 
in  tax  rates  of  the  eleven  counties  of  $1.34222  in  191 5  will  raise 
$530,708.65,  or  $389,221.51  in  excess  of  the  loss  of  saloon 
License  revenue. 

Without  any  credit  to  prohibition  for  decreasing  the  cost  of 
county  government  through  thirty-seven  per  cent  less  crime  in 
six  months — or  seventy-four  per  cent  at  this  rate  for  the  year — 
the  proportion  that  prohibition  is  charged  with  for  each  of  the 
eleven  counties  is  but  three  and  two-tenths  mills  on  each  $100 
of  valuation  of  property  for  taxation  in  191 5. 

But  with  the  saving  through  decreased  crime  for  the  year, 
the  loss  of  $141,487.14  of  liquor  license  revenue  is  more  than 
made  up,  and  this,  I  contend,  will  be  definitely  shown  by  the 
records  when  the  year  191 5  closes. 

How  Politics  Affects  Tax  Rates. 

When  we  take  the  credit  in  savings  caused  by  prohibition 
— which  the  officials  making  up  county  budgets  failed  to  con- 
sider at  all — we  find  that  the  actual  charge  against  prohibition 
for  increased  county  tax  rates  is  negligible.  If  we  could  measure 
it  by  the  great  moral  asset  that  has  accrued,  every  county  in  the 
state  would  be  heavily  indebted  to  prohibition. 

One  of  the  causes  of  the  increase  in  county  tax  rates  this 
year  is  due  to  political  manipulations.     If  you  will  study  county 

14 


tax  rates  for  years  past  you  will  find  that  they  are  high  in  years 
when  no  political  campaigns  are  on  for  county  offices,  and  low 
the  election  years.  With  nearly  $15,000,000  increase  in  valua- 
tions in  191 5,  county  tax  rates;  went  up  in  every  county  in  the 
state  except  Apache,  Navajo  and  Greenlee.  In  the  political  year 
of  19 14  the  county  tax  rates  fell  in  every  county  in  the  state 
except  Mohave,  Yavapai  and  Navajo.  This  shows  plainly  the 
hand  of  the  politician;  but  how  does  it  affect  the  1915  tax  rate? 
When  tax  rates  for  county  purposes  are  made  arbitrarily  low  for 
a  purpose,  the  deficit  has  to  be  made  up  the  following  year,  so 
in  191 5  the  counties  that  resorted  to  this  deception  to  get  votes 
are  compelled  to  further  deceive  the  people  by  telling  them  that 
prohibition  is  the  cause  of  the  high  tax  rates  of  191 5. 

If  you  are  not  satisfied,  and  wish  further  proof,  just  bear 
this  in  mind  next  fall  when  tax  rates  are  made  up  over  the  State, 
and  the  officers  are  going  before  the  people  for  their  votes  upon 
"economy"  platforms. 

In  the  state  government  the  same  thing  was  resorted  to. 
Look  at  these  tax  rates: 


(No  election) 

(Election) 

(No  election) 

1913 

1914 

.     1915 

rate  (state)  .... 

.495 

.445 

.54 

An  increase  of  9^  cents  in  the  state  tax  rate  in  191 5,  and 
nearly  $15,000,000.00  increase  invaluations.  What  is  the  cause? 
There  was  a  deficit  caused  by  the  political  rate  of  19 14  when 
the  state  office  holders  wanted  to  get  back  into  office  on  an 
economy  platform.  That  deficit  you  taxpayers  are  making  up 
this  year  when  there  is  no  campaign  on — but  watch  the  falling 
off  next  year  when  the  election  of  state  officers  is  on  again. 

Of  course  in  the  state  rate,  prohibition  has  no  part  either 
in  increasing  or  decreasing  it,  except  as  prohibition  might  de- 
crease or  increase  the  valuations  for  state  taxation.  Since  there 
has  been  an  increase  of  valuations  of  $15,000,000.00,  any  loss 
of  revenue  from  stocks  of  liquor  through  taxation  by  the  state 
is  made  up  twenty  times  over,  we  are  not  concerned  with  the 
state  except  to  claim  that  prohibition  has  had  a  substantial  part 
in  increasing  valuations  all  over  the  state  as  is  shown  by  the  in- 

16 


crease  in  building  permits  of  $1,000  value  and  less,  which  goes 
to  the  poor  man  and  shows  that  he  is  putting  his  money  into 
homes  now. 

There  is  too  much  politics  and  not  enough  business  in  the 
administration  of  the  state  and  many  of  the  counties.  Economy 
is  a  fiction  and  the  people  are  deceived  each  election  year  by  a 
decreased  tax  rate  being  thrown  in  their  faces — but  the  inevitable 
deficit  which  comes  from  such  political  juggling  of  rates  brings 
the  people  to  their  senses  when  they  have  forgotten  politics,  and 
it  is  then  too  late. 

An  Example  of  Prohibition's;  Reduction  of  Tax  Rates. 

The  only  two  counties  in  Arizona  that  were  totally  "dry" 
in  191 3  and  continued  to  be  were  Apache  and  Graham.  The 
following  statement  of  the  tax  rates  of  those  two  counties  is 
interesting  and  very  significant  of  the  decided  ability  of  prohi- 
bition to  reduce  taxation : 

1913  1915 

Valuation     Tax  Levy  Valuation      Tax  Levy 

subject  to         county  subject  to        county 

"Dry"            taxation        purposes  taxation        purposes 

Apache  $6,009,995.96     $1,405  $  6,381,427.21     $1.26 

Graham   9»I7I759-25       M45  10,627,678.55       1.16 

Apache  county's  rate  dropped  from  the  year  191 3  to  the 
year  191 5,  14^2  cents,  while  Graham  county's  rate  dropped 
28^  cents  during  that  period. 

With  prohibition  in  force  in  all  the  other  counties  in  the 
State  for  three  years,  based  upon  the  reduction  in  the  cost  of 
public  welfare  departments  of  county  government  for  six  months 
of  191 5,  the  reduction  in  county  rates  will  be  even  greater  than 
those  two  counties  cited  in  the  foregoing  statement. 

Prohibition  and  the  State  Tax  Rate. 

The  approximate  value  of  liquors  in  the  State  last  year, 
prior  to  the  forced  sales  following  the  success  of  the  prohibition 
amendment,   was  $700,000.     The  valuation  of  stocks  of  mer- 

16 


chandise  in  all  the  counties  of  the  State  fell  off  $580,420,  as 
shown  by  the  19 15  tax  rolls  of  the  various  counties. 

For  the  purpose  of  this  illustration,  we  will  assume  that 
the  loss  to  the  State  in  valuation  for  taxation  was  $700,000, 
although  stocks  of  liquor  were  taxed  at  from  fifty  to  seventy- 
five  per  cent  of  that  value.  The  loss  to  the  State,  then,  was 
$3,780  upon  the  191 5  tax  rate,  of  54  cents  on  the  $100. 

The  total  valuations  in  the  State,  however,  increased  $15,- 
000,000  over  1 9 14,  which  returns  $81,000.  The  net  gain  to 
the  State,  allowing  the  full  value  of  the  liquor  lost  to  taxation, 
was  $77,250. 

Gila  county,  in  spite  of  the  loss  of  liquor  stocks  from  taxa- 
tion, shows  a  gain  of  $310,211  in  general  merchandise  stocks, 
in  which  classification  liquor  is  included  in  each  county.  The 
other  counties  showing  gains  were  Apache,  Navajo,  Pinal,  Santa 
Cruz  and  Yuma. 

In  the  larger  counties  the  decrease  in  general  merchandise 
stocks  is  attributed  directly  to  adverse  industrial  conditions  of 
a  general  nature  extending  over  the  east  and  west  which  de- 
creased the  buying  of  stocks.  Had  the  same  industrial  conditions 
prevailed  as  last  year,  the  larger  stores  would  not  have  curtailed 
their  stocks. 

University  of  Arizona  Attendance  Increases  56%. 

The  registration  at  the  University  has  increased  fifty-six 
per  cent  over  the  year  1914.  On  October  4,  191 5,  the  total  num- 
ber registered  was  342,  as  against  219  registered  on  this  date 
-  last  year.  The  figure  of  last  year's  registration  includes  twenty- 
five  preparatory  students,  which  department  is  not  now  in  oper- 
ation at  the  University.  Including  the  preparatory  students  in 
last  year's  registration,  and  excluding  any  account  of  them  in 
this  year's  compilation,  shows  an  increase  of  fifty-six  per  cent 
in  191 5  over  191 4;  and  if  account  of  preparatory  students  is 
taken  in  the  191 5  registration,  the  present  increase  would  be 
over  sixty-seven  per  cent. 

In  co-educational  schools  and  colleges  the  number  of  girls 
is  usually  greater  than  boys,  but  in  the  University  of  Arizona 

17 


the  boys  predominate  to  a  greater  extent  than  any  university  in 
the  United  States  of  the  co-educational  class. 

The  great  increase  of  attendance  in  191 5  shows  a  greater 
increase  of  boys  than  girls,  showing  the  direct  effect  of  prohi- 
bition, not  only  in  the  greater  attraction  due  to  the  elimination 
of  the  saloons  in  Tucson,  but  in  a  large  measure  to  the  pros- 
perity which  has  extended  to  many  who  heretofore  compelled 
their  boys  to  go  out  and  seek  work  instead  of  education. 

SCHOOLS. 

Enrollment  in  the  Common  Schools. 

The  following  interesting  comparison  shows  the  enrollment 
of  pupils  in  the  common  schools  of  the  State  for  two  years: 

1914  1915 

Apache    894  1 ,007 

Cochise  8,176  8,145   (a) 

Coconino  92 1  990 

Gila   3,195  3,624 

Graham  2,685  2,660 

Greenlee    3,371  2,988 

Maricopa  10,298  10,490 

Mohave  510  614 

Navajo 1.592  1,682 

Pima   3,553  3,833 

Santa  Cruz  *>343  2,050 

Pinal 1,872  2,050 

Yavapai  2,289  2,440 

Yuma 1,337  1 ,453 

(a)  Decrease  due  to  Mexican  refugees  having  returned  to  Mex- 
ico with  their  families.  Report  shows  that  Douglas  had  the 
greatest  decrease  where  these  refugees  sojourned. 

The  total  increase  for  191 5  was  nearly  2,000.  These  fig- 
ures are  for  the  school  year  ended  June  30th.  Throughout  the 
State  the  enrollment  upon  the  opening  of  schools  in  September 
of  this  year  was  considerable  more  than  last  year,  but  these  fig- 
ures for  the  entire  State  are  not  obtainable  at  this  time. 

18 


BANKS. 
Nearly  $3,000,000  Increase  in  Bank  Deposits. 

That  there  has  been  a  rapid  change  for  the  better  in  finan- 
cial conditions  in  Arizona  the  first  eight  months  of  191 5  is 
shown  by  the  statement  following.  For  the  purpose  of  showing 
the  depression  existing  in  19 14,  the  statement  deals  with  finan- 
cial conditions  at  the  close  of  19 13,  showing  the  decline  during 
1914  and  the  rapid  recovery  during  the  first  six  months  of  191 5. 

Resources  of  State  Banks 

Close  of  1913                    Close  of  1914  ist6Mos.  1915 

$24,314,275.95                  $23,869,291.36  $25,013,665.72 

No.  of  banks,  43               No.  of  banks,  48  No.  of  banks,  46 

That  this  change  has  taken  place  also  in  national  banks  in 
Arizona  is  shown  by  the  following  statement: 

Resources  of  National  Banks 

Close  of  1913  Close  of  1914  1st  6-Mos.  1915 

$15,332,106.44  $15,174,004.83  $15,767,074.14 

In  order  to  ascertain  just  how  this  condition  has  affected 
laboring  men,  the  savings  deposits  of  each  bank  in  the  State 
carrying  such  deposits  have  been  compiled  in  the  aggregate  as 
follows : 

Call  of  the  St°te  Auditor  for 
Sept.  12,  1914  Sept.  2,  1915 

Bisbee $    962,032.01  $1,128,789.80 

Bisbee  increase 166,757.79 

$1,128,789.80  $1,128,789.80 

Tucson  ™ $    3i9»93479  $    3 56>  5927 1 

Tucson  increase „ 36,657.92 


$    356,59271  $    356,59271 

Douglas   - $    249,014.68  $    335,060.85 

Douglas  increase  86,046.17 


$    335,060.85  $    335,060.85 

19 


Flagstaff $  141,707.29  $    176,698.76 

Flagstaff  increase  34,991.47 

$  176,698.76  $    176,698.76 

Miami    — $  32,205.98  $      42,875.41 

Miami  increase  . 10,669.43 

$  42,875.41  $      42,875.41 

Globe   $  2,044.70  $      19,782.43 

Globe  increase  x  773773 

$  19782.43  $      19782.43 

Morenci   $  2,502.60  $      19,097.73 

Morenci  increase  16,595.13 

$  19,09773  $      19,09773 

Phoenix   $  443,235.14  $    535,614.92 

Phoenix  Increase 92,37978 

$  535,614.92  $    535,614.92 

•Owing  to  failure  and  reorganization,  one  bank  in   Phoenix  is 
excluded   from  above  statement. 

Snowflake   $  6,942.87  $      15,397.72 

Snowflake  increase 8,454.85 

$  15,39772  $      15,39772 

Tempe    $  2,600.00  $        2,900.00 

Mesa  11,203.09  11,474.07 

Nogales    1,812.46  2,614.56 

Lowell    2,414.25  2,511.77 

$  18,029.80  $      19,500.40 

Prescott   $1,023,540.68  $1,007409.00 

Winslow    33,495.00  19,646.94 

Gila   Valley  424,855.69  370,327.50 

20 


The  last  three  are  the  only  places  showing  losses  of  sav- 
ings deposits.  From  an  examination  of  the  State  Auditor's  calls, 
it  is  apparent  that  the  Prescott  banks  included  in  their  returns  of 
savings  deposits  the  total  deposits,  which,  of  course,  does  not 
allow  a  comparison  of  savings  deposits  for  that  city.  As  for 
Winslow,  the  savings  deposits  of  one  bank  were  entirely  postal 
savings  accounts  redeposited  by  the  postoffice  in  that  bank. 
Owing  to  the  limitation  of  the  amount  of  such  deposits  they 
fluctuate  much  more  than  bank  savings  deposits.  The  Gila  Valley 
includes  four  banks  affected  more  or  less  by  the  low  prices  of 
products,  alfalfa  hay  descending  in  price  from  $13  in  1914 
to  $5  in  191 5,  and  other  products  proportionately. 

The  total  savings  deposits  in  the  banks  of  the  State  in  Sep- 
tember for  the  two  years  aggregate: 

1914  1915 

$3,659,542. 1 3  $4,046,794. 1 7 

Increase   . 387,252.04 


$4,046,794. 1 7  $4,046,794. 1 7 

The  statements  issued  by  the  State  Auditor  show  only  the 
total  deposits  in  which  are  included  savings  accounts.  In  order 
to  arrive  at  the  above  compilation  it  was  necessary  to  check 
each  bank  carrying  savings  accounts,  and  this  information  is 
authentic  as  showing  the  improved  conditions  throughout  the 
State. 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  savings  deposits  are  the  bank 
accounts  of  labor,  and  the  increase  of  nearly  $400,000  in  such 
deposits  is  evidence  that  labor  has  been  greatly  benefited  by 
conditions  which  made  saving  easier. 

There  is  another  feature  that  should  not  be  overlooked. 
The  two  Expositions  on  the  coast  this  year  drew  thousands  of 
dollars  from  savings  accounts,  and  the  month  of  September 
upon  which  the  comparison  is  based,  was  the  close  of  the  vacation 
season  and  hence  the  low  ebb  of  savings  deposits.  Even  with 
the  Expositions  enticing  savings  accounts  from  banks,  the  show- 
ing for  191 5  is  quite  remarkable. 

21 


Nine  Months'  Comparison  Shows  Rapid  Gain. 
Resources  of  State  Banks 

Close  of  1913 $24,314,275.95 

Close  of  1914 _ 23,869,291.36 

First  six  months  191 5 25,013,665.72 

First  eight  months  191 5 26,138,018.48 

Resources  National  Banks 

September  12,  191 4 $  1 4,894, 29 1 . 1 9 

September  2,  191 5 1 5,540,867.93 

The  first  eight  months  of  191 5  show  a  remarkable  increase 
in  bank  deposits  for  both  state  and  national  banks  in  Arizona. 
In  order  to  show  the  depression  of  19 14,  and  which  extended 
into  191 5,  the  following  table  is  interesting.  It  also  shows  the 
increase  of  deposits  which  had  accrued  up  to  September,  191 5: 

State  Banks 

No.  Banks       Date  of  Call  Deposits  &  Due  Banks 

43         Jan.  13,  1914 $20,985,033.07 

46         June  30,  1914 21,844,782.83 

48         Dec.  31,  1914 19,284,441.69 

46         June  23,  1915 20,736,185.75 

46         Sept.  2,   191 5 22,057,561.29 

National  Banks 

13  Jan.   13,  1914 $1 1,923,498.33 

13  June  30,  1914..... 12,549,786.31 

13  Dec.  31,  1914 11,929,200.86 

13  June  23,  1915 12,271,633.23 

13  Sept.  2,  1915 12,115,783.19 

The  total  increase  of  deposits  for  the  state  and  national 
banks  of  Arizona  from  September  12,  1914,  to  September  2, 
191 5,  is  shown  in  the  following  statement: 

22 


Deposits  and  Due  Banks 
Sept.  12,  19 14      Sept.  2,  191 5  Increase 

46  State  banks $19,899,074.09    $22,057,561.29    $2,158,487.20 

13  Nat'l  banks. 11,343,066.03      12,115,783.19         772,717.16 

Total  increase  -..$2,93 1 ,204.36 

An  increase  of  nearly  $3,000,000  in  deposits  and  nearly 
$400,000  in  savings  accounts  shows  the  excellent  financial  con- 
dition which  began  in  Arizona  following  prohibition. 

POSTOFFICE  RECEIPTS. 

Slight  Gain  in  Postal  Receipts. 

Phoenix  shows  the  greatest  increase  in  gross  postal  receipts 
for  the  six  months  of  191 5  compared  with  the  same  period  of 
1914,  and  Douglas  is  next.  The  greatest  falling  off  for  the 
period  was  in  Bisbee.  The  statement  showing  the  gross  postal 
receipts  for  the  following  cities  was  furnished  by  the  auditor  of 
the  post  office  department  through  the  courtesy  of  Senator  Mark 
Smith : 

January  1  to  January  1  to 

June  30, 1914  June  30,  1915 

Phoenix   $  58,15775  $  65,003.89 

Tucson  27,044.88  26,048.05 

Bisbee  I9»°79-57  16,927,66 

Douglas   14,710-27  i7>535-24 

•    Prescott   10,987.67  10,761.43 

Globe    11,588.42  10,606.79 


$141,568.56  $146,883.06 

The  postal  receipts  fluctuate  a  great  deal,  and  are  affected 
through  different  channels.  The  political  campaign  of  1914  be- 
gan early  and  no  doubt  helped  to  swell  receipts  for  that  year. 
Douglas  was  directly  affected  by  the  addition  of  troops,  and 
some  of  the  cities  were  no  doubt  losers  through  the  exceptionally 
large  number  of  vacationists  this  year. 

23 


The  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  19 15,  shows  $54,647.17  in 
receipts  at  the  Tucson  postof fice  against  $50,975.75  for  the  pre- 
ceding year.  Almost  the  entire  increase  was  made  during  July, 
August  and  September  of  191 5,  which  indicates  a  gradual  in- 
crease in  business  in  Tucson. 

COUNTY  ROADS. 

Expenditures  for  County  Roads. 

In  order  to  show  the  bearing  that  road  construction  in  the 
State  through  the  road  fund  of  Arizona  has  upon  industrial 
conditions  and  the  spirit  of  improvement  animating  the  differ- 
ent counties,  the  following  figures  are  presented: 

State  Road  Fund  Expenditures  for:  1913-14  1914-15 

Apache    $  3,871.47         $  23,712.13 

Cochise    95^79-07  65,159.44 

Coconino 15,295.88  22,719.38 

Gila    18,876.79  49,440.96 

Graham    6,079.16  6,453.82 

Greenlee  _ 2,602.81  59,691.16 

Maricopa   - 83,773.71  59,691.16 

Mohave    14,512.63  13,511.61 

Pima    22,563.75  19,096.87 

Navajo    6,024.37  4,029.49 

Pinal    9,624.56  20,675.02 

Santa   Cruz  5,182.82  12,919.86 

Yavapai   46,705.37  30,906.05 

Yuma  7,693.48  57,402. 1 1 


$337,885.87         $445,409.06 

Public  Improvement  Work  Continues. 

There  has  been  no  check  in  public  improvement  work  this 
year  with  the  exception  of  Phoenix.  During  the  first  six  months 
of  1914  there  was  $173,355.40  expended  for  paving  and  other 
street  improvements  in  Phoenix  against  but  $9,492.38  the  same 
period  of  191 5.  Owing  to  a  depression  caused  by  low  prices  of 
farm  products,  and  the  fact  that  much  of  the  business  center  of 

24 


the  city  is  now  paved,  street  improvement  work  was  practically 
at  a  standstill  in  Phoenix  this  year. 

In  Tucson  there  is  greater  activity  in  public  improvements  than 
any  other  city  in  the  State.  The  bitulithic  pavement  work  in 
Tucson  for  19 14  and  191 5  is  as  follows: 

1914 

Congress  St.,  completed  June  24 _ $  63,554.25 

Stone  Ave.,  completed  Sept.   17 40>?i7-33 

Pennington  St.,  completed  Dec.  28,  1914 23,243.84 


$127,515.42 


Toole  Ave.,  completed  April  5,  191 5 32>930.67 

Meyer   St „ . 1 0,000.00 

Sixth  Ave.  district 1 20,000.00 

Cement  culverts 5, 500.00 


$168,430.67 

In  addition  to  this  public  improvement  work,  bonds  in  the 
aggregate  $225,000  have  been  voted.  The  money  is  on  hand, 
and  many  civic  improvements  will  be  started.  On  the  whole, 
Tucson  is  doing  more  public  improvement  work  than  any  city 
in  the  State,  or,  it  may  be  truthfully  said  as  much  as  all  of  them 
combined. 

County  and  City  Government. 

The  charge  is  frequently  made  that  prohibition  has  in- 
creased the  tax  rates  throughout  the  counties  and  cities  of  the 
State  by  reason  of  the  loss  of  liquor  license  revenue.  In  order 
to  get  at  the  exact  amount,  if  any,  that  prohibition  has  caused 
increased  tax  rates,  we  have  taken  the  credits  and  charged  the 
debits  in  the  statements  of  some  of  the  counties  and  cities  where 
rates  were  increased  and  it  was  necessary  to  analyze  the  munic- 
ipal conditions  affecting  the  public  welfare  departments.  The 
statements  show  just  what  portion  of  the  increase,  if  any,  was 
due  to  prohibition.  Where  there  has  been  no  increase,  or  a  slight 
increase,  the  origin  of  which  is  plain  not  to  have  been  caused 
by  prohibition,  this  analysis  is  not  made. 

25 


In  computing  the  per  capita  cost  per  arrest  and  allowing 
the  total  as  a  credit  to  prohibition,  we  feel  that  this  is  a  credit 
which  cannot  be  arrived  at  in  any  other  way.  For  example,  the 
health  department  decreased  in  cost  from  $9,493.23  to  $7,159.29, 
and  other  departments  show  decreased  cost.  Throughout  the 
public  service  there  are  decreases  which  are  brought  about  in- 
directly through  the  decreased  cost  of  other  public  welfare  de- 
partments and  through  the  elimination  of  the  saloon.  The  illus- 
tration of  the  health  department  as  given  above  makes  up  nearly 
all  of  this  credit  in  Coconino  County. 

COCONINO  COUNTY. 

Prohibition 
First   6   months   of:        1914  1915  Credit  Debit 

Tot.  cost  sheriff's  office..?      6,738.29      $      7,074.41 

Increase  for  year $     672.24 

Cost  superior  court 2,923.29  2,849.77  147.04 

Decrease  for  the  year 

Cost  of  justice  courts 4,408.00  3,978.43 

Decrease  for  the  year 859.14 

Fines  violation   prohib 935.00        1,870.00 

Decrease  justice  fines 515.7© 

Com'tm'ts   to  county  jail  62  34 

Drunkenness     3  0 

Violations  prohibition  ....  18 

Number   of  saloons 17 

Per  capita  cost  arrests....  108.50 

28  less  arrests  at  $108.50 

six  months   3,038.00 

Second    six    months 3,038.00 

$8,942.18      6,287.94 
Valuations  for 

taxation    17,194,3  69.52 

Valuations  for 

taxation    17,306,186.97 

Rate  county  purposes. ...  .835  1.11 

Increase  due  to 

prohibition     .00 

The  cost  of  the  sheriff's  office  in  the  tables  used  herein  is 
doubled  upon  the  six  months'  cost,  so  the  receipts  from  fines  are 
likewise  doubled  since  this  expense  was  augmented  the  first  six 
months  in  order  to  produce  such  fines. 

In  the  tables  following  this  same  method  will  be  pursued, 
and  the  justice  of  this  deduction  must  be  apparent  to  all. 

As  a  matter  of  fact  we  are  taking  all  the  worst  of  it  upon 
this  basis  of  deduction,  for  the  reason  that  the  months  of  July, 
August  and  September  show  a  rapid  decrease  in  cost  of  public 

26 


welfare  departments  greater  than  the  last  six  months  of  191 5. 

The  additional  cost  of  the  sheriff's  office  is  due  to  the 
employment  of  two  or  three  extra  officers  co  stop  bootlegging 
which  had  sprung  up  in  the  county.  The  blind  pigs  have  been 
entirely  eliminated  in  Coconino  County. 

The  percapita  cost  per  arrest  in  Coconino  County  was 
$108.50.  There  were  sixty-two  arrests  for  all  offenses  in  1914 
and  thirty-four  in  191 5  for  the  six  months;  three  for  drunken- 
ness in  1914  and  none  in  191 5 ;  and  eighteen  for  violations  of  the 
prohibition  amendment.  Two  of  these  violators  of  the  law  were 
saloon  men.  The  number  of  deputies  remain  the  same,  also 
the  number  of  justice  courts.  There  were  seventeen  saloons 
in  the  county.  The  health  department  cost  $9,493.23  the  first 
six  months  of  1914  and  $7,159.29  the  same  period  of  191 5.  For 
the  six  months  the  total  receipts  show  a  loss  of  $6,493.05,  but 
the  expenditures  for  the  same  period  are  less  by  $8,819.52.  The 
cause  of  the  increased  tax  rate,  then,  is  for  improvements 
already  under  way  or  contemplated,  since  the  net  cost  of  county 
government,  based  on  six  months,  is  less.  Sheriff  W.  G.  Dick- 
enson is  enforcing  the  prohibition  law  vigorously  and  the  senti- 
ment of  the  people  is  back  of  him. 

The  boys  attending  school  numbered  479  in  19 14  and  514 
in  191 5,  and  the  girls  452  against  476.  There  is  an  increased 
attendance  at  the  September  opening  of  schools. 

The  logging  camps  are  filled  with  men  and  the  saw  mills 
running  at  full  blast.  All  saloon  buildings  are  now  occupied  by 
other  businesses. 

City  of  Flagstaff. 

City  of  Flagstaff: 

Prohibition 
First  six  months  of:  1914  1915  Credit  Debit 

Total   cost  of    police    de- 
partment     $2,026.00      $1,359.05 

Decreased  cost  for  year  on 

above  basis $1,333.90 

Number  of  saloons 8 

Number  of  police  3  2 

Total  arrests  90  21 

For  drunkenness    75  5 

Meals  for  prisoners  $     186.00      $       99.05 

Rate  per  meal  .25  .25 

27 


License  receipts  saloons....   1,600.00  $1,600.00 

Fines    67.00  17.00 

Decrease  in  fines  for  year 

on  above  basis 100.00 

Decreased  arrests  69 

Decrease  for  year  on  this 

basis  138 

Per  capita  cost  per  arrest, 

six  months  22.50 

138  less  arrests    for   year 

at   $22.50   3,005.00 

Tax  rates  005  .01 


Taxable  wealth,  1914,  $1,750,000.00. 
Taxable  wealth,  1915,  $1,827,000.00. 
Increase  due  to  prohibition,  1915,  .00. 


$4,338.90      $1,700.00 


That  $3,005  claimed  is  due  prohibition  is  shown  by  the  state- 
ment of  Billy  Bayless,  marshal  of  Flagstaff,  who  said  that  as 
high  as  seven  officers  were  necessary  at  times  during  prior  years 
to  police  the  city.  The  additional  police  mentioned  by  Marshal 
Bayless  would  cause  this  much  extra  cost. 

Showing  the  constant  decrease  in  arrests  at  Flagstaff,  the 
following  is  interesting: 

1914  1915 

July 36  13 

August  80  13 

Williams. 

This  town  at  one  time  had  fourteen  saloons  and  was  noted 
far  and  wide  ¥or  its  ribaldry.  When  prohibition  came  there 
were  eight  left.  The  arrests  for  the  first  six  months  of  1914 
totaled  eighty-three  and  for  the  same  period  of  191 5  they  were 
fifty.  There  have  been  very  few  arrests  for  drunkenness,  for 
Williams  is  now  regarded  as  one  of  the  cities  in  the  State  where 
it  is  impossible  to  get  liquor,  and  Marshal  Bobbie  Burns  has  his 
eye  on  the  only  suspicious  joint  in  the  town.  Those  who  knew 
Williams  in  the  early  days  can  scarcely  recognize  it  now  without 
its  saloons  and  drunken  men  lounging  about  the  streets.  The 
lumber  mills  and  logging  camps  find  much  greater  efficiency, 
and  the  sheepmen  have  commented  favorably  upon  the  effect  in 
lessening  their  trouble  with  sheepherders  to  practically  nothing. 

28 


The  following  statement  shows  the  effect  upon  the  city  gov- 
ernment : 

Prohibition 
First  six  months  of:  1914  1915  Debit  Credit 

Total  arrests  83  50 

Fines  paid  $     395.00      $     299.00 

Cost  of  police  dept 499.55  950.00 

Number  police  1  % 

License   receipts   2,145.65        1,204.00 

Tax  rate  .004  .007 

Increase  do  to  prohibition  .0012 

Number  of  saloons  8 

Saloon  license  $1,600.00  $1,600.00 

Per  cost  per  arrest 6.00 

66  less  arrests  $     396.00 

$1,600.00      $     396.00 
Taxable  wealth,   1914,   $1,000,000.00. 
Taxable  wealth,   1915,   $1,000,000.00. 


COCHISE  COUNTY. 

This  is  the  largest  county  in  the  State,  having  twenty-five  per 
cent  more  taxable  wealth  than  the  second  largest  county.  There  were 
from  120  to  107  saloons  in  Cochise  county.  The  record  for  mur- 
ders was  the  greatest  of  any  county  in  the  Southwest.  The  first  six 
months  of  19 14  the  sheriff  wore  out  an  automobile  chasing  mur- 
derers; now  several  county  jails  are  unoccupied  and  have  not  been 
used  since  prohibition  came.  The  following  statement  shows  the 
effect  of  prohibition  upon  county  affairs: 

Prohibition 
First  six  months  of:  1914  1915  Credit  Debit 

Cost   sheriff's    office $21,135.74    $18,351.35 

Decrease  for  the  year $   5,568.78 

Cost    superior    court 21,032.23      17,1^3.15 

Decrease  for  the  year 7,708.16 

Cost  justice   courts   22,839.25      17,926.24 

Decrease  for  the  year 9,826.02 

Number  of  arrests  149  122 

For  violation  prohibition 23 

Per  capita  cost  $       141.15 

54  less  arrests  7,622.10 

Total   license  receipts 44,440.00        1,677.50 

Loss   of   saloon   licenses $42,762.50 

Number  justice   courts 19  2  3 

Fees  earned   970.60        1,204.60 

Increase  for  the  year 408.00 

Fines   and   forfeitures 2,762.20        1,149.30 

29 


Loss  for  the  year 3,225.80 

$29,636.88    $45,989.30 
Total  debit  $16,352.42 

$45,989.30    $45,989.30 

Tax  rate  -495  -53 

Increase  in  tax  rate -0  35 

Increase    due   to    prohibition  .016 

Taxable   wealth,    1914,    $   93,744,872.00. 
Taxable   wealth,    1915,    $101,410,685.82. 

Some  of  the  decreased  cost  of  justice  courts  are  as  follows: 

Cost  of  Meals.  Total  Cost. 

1914  1915  1914  1915 

Bisbee  precinct    $318.61  $    64.04  $5,030.12  $3,022.22 

Lowell  precinct  368.60  37.76  2,818.85  2,364.56 

Douglas   precinct   149.78  161.75  4,182.30  2,735.85 

Tombstone    precinct    7.00  1,057.00  565.55 

Benson    precinct    26.90  11.40  1,303.05  948.10 

Gleeson   precinct   45.00  9.00  1,259.15  864.10 

Wilcox  precinct  157.50  17.70  1,266.85  808.70 

Bowie    precinct 43.35  42.25  698.65  709.89 

Pirtleville   precinct   67.50  121.30  1,395.25  923.88 

Courtland    precinct    47.80  843.55  358.20 

St.  David  precinct 310.00  155.00 

The  above  are  the  larger  justice  precincts  of  the  county.  The 
decrease  in  cost  of  prison  meals  for  the  six  months  shows  the  num- 
ber of  inmates  to  have  been  much  less  for  the  period. 

The  total  commitments  to  the  county  jail  from  January  i  to 
August  30  for  1914  was  173  and  for  the  same  period  of  191 5  the 
total  was  148.  Of  the  latter  thirty-three  were  for  violation  of  the 
prohibition  amendment.  Sheriff  Harry  Wheeler  is  enforcing  the  law 
vigorously  throughout  the  county.  He  has  the  most  difficult  place  of 
any  sheriff  in  the  State,  owing  to  the  great  size  of  the  county  and 
its  long  border  line.  Although  his  expense  is  heavy  for  ferreting 
out  violations  of  the  amendment,  his  account  for  deputies  shows 
$8,560  for  1914  and  $6,040  for  191 5.  If  it  were  not  for  the  viola- 
tions of  the  amendment  the  sheriff's  office  would  be  run  at  a  much 
less  cost.  The  number  of  violations  are  decreasing,  due  to  his 
vigilance  and  fearlessness  in  enforcing  the  law  and  the  end  of  the 
year  should  show  a  constant  monthly  decrease  in  sheriff's  costs. 

In  Cochise  county  owing  to  the  great  number  of  outlying  justice 
precincts,  a  great  many  arrests  are  made!  and  the  parties  never  get 
to  the  county  jail,  so  the  total  arrests  are  misleading  in  this  respect, 

30 


and  should  be  taken  only  as  the  total  commitments  to  the  Tombstone 
jail. 

In  Tombstone,  where  there  are  over  300  more  men  working 
in  the  mines  than  were  employed  the  first  six  months  of  1914,  the 
arrests  were  only  seven  all  told  against  eighty-five  for  19 14.  On 
Labor  Day  the  people  danced  on  the  cement  walks  in  the  main  street 
of  the  city  and  there  were  no  disturbances.  No  arrests  were  made 
for  any  offense  that  day,  and  there  was  no  drunkenness.  The 
August  record  shows  no  arrests  in  Tombstone.  The  city  tax  rate 
remains  the  same  as  last  year. 

City  of  Bisbee. 

The  following  statement  shows  that  there  were  417  less 
arrests  in  Bisbee  the  first  seven  months  of  191 5  than  for  the 
same  period  of  19 14.  The  statement  also  shows  the  great  dif- 
ference in  the  offense  of  disturbing  the  peace,  under  which 
drunkenness  is  docketed,  a  decrease  of  374  for  the  period. 

Disturbing  Total 

Vagrancy.  Peace.  Arrests              Total  Fines. 

1914   1915  1914    1915  1914  1915  1914  1915 

January  3          3  81        12  98        23      $     640.80  $     300.00 

February  7          8  62          9  90        29  774.50  235.00 

March  1          0  76           3  97        11  590.00  367.50 

April    4           0  60           9  78        11  397.10  80.00 

May    2           1  76        17  91        23  657.30  128.00 

June  1          0  57        20  62        29  273.50  176.50 

July    2           1  60        28  65        38  243.50  313.00 


20    13   472    98   581   164   $3,576.70   $1,600.00 

While  there  has  been  a  falling  off  of  417  arrests  in  seven 
months  in  Bisbee,  there  has  been  no  reduction  in  the  cost  of  the 
police  department.  The  number  of  police  remains  the  same. 
No  doubt  there  will  be  a  reduction  in  cost  the  last  five  months 
of  the  year.  The  tax  rate  for  19 14  was  $1.80  and  for  191 5 
$2.20.  The  total  valuations  for  19 14  were  $5,432,946  and 
$5,032,260  for  191 5,  a  loss  of  about  $400,000.  This  accounts 
for  over  seven  per  cent  of  the  increase  in  tax  rate.  With  the 
elimination  of  thirty  saloons  with  the  consequent  loss  of  revenue 
of  $17,254,  there  is  also  a  loss  of  $8,800  in  valuations,  which 
would  require  a  tax  rate  of  52  cents.     The  increased  tax  rate  is 

31 


40  cents,  of  which  prohibition  is  charged  with  28  cents  and  the 
loss  of  valuation  12  cents.  There  was  a  dropping  off  of  receipts 
from  other  sources,  the  aggregate  for  the  year  based  on  the 
first  six  months  being  $35,781.68.  Of  this,  saloon  revenues 
comprise  but  $17,254. 

Bisbee  had  more  saloons  than  any  city  of  its  size  in  the 
State,  and  its  percentage  of  crime  was  very  large.  The  decided 
change  resulting  in  the  decrease  of  crime  since  the  saloons  have 
been  closed  will  be  reflected  materially  in  the  ensuing  year's 
budget,  since  the  fiscal  year  ended  on  June  30th.  There  is  a 
remarkable  change  in  the  tone  of  the  city,  and  there  is  bound 
to  follow  a  decrease  in  cost  of  city  government. 

•City  of  Douglas. 

There  were  229  less  arrests  in  Douglas  the  first  six  months 
of  191 5  than  for  the  same  period  of  1914.  Drunkenness,  dis- 
turbing the  peace  and  fighting,  and  vagrancy  are  given  in  the 
table  below,  together  with  the  total  arrests  for  all  offenses  for 
the  period. 

Total  arrests. Drunk'ns.  Vagrancy.Dist.  Peace.              Fines. 

1914  1915  1914  1915  1914  1915  1914  1915  1914  1915 

January   ..    80       43       49          6  15       31       11  1    $  127.40  $112.00 

February      84       64       57       10  11       10       12  2  152.00      220.00 

March            97       33       59          2  13          7       13  7  129.00      146.00 

4pril               94       29       51          5  11          3       17  0  235.00      140.00 

May                59       24       35          2  0          4       17  3  208.50      120.00 

June               44       36       26          2  4          0          3  2  201.00      115.00 

458     229     277       27       54       55       73       15    $1,052.90    $852.00 

There  were  250  less  arrests  for  drunkenness  during  the 
period,  and  a  loss  of  but  $200  in  fines  for  all  offenses.  The 
cost  of  meals  for  prisoners  fell  from  $479.76  for  191 4  to 
$212.26  in  191 5.  The  cost  of  the  police  department  and  city 
court  was  as  follows: 

First  six  months  of:       1914  I9I5 

Salaries  of  police $5,307.24  $4,222.85 

Expenses  of  department 33i-o8  208.17 

Meals    prisoners  479.76  212.26 

City   court 4  50. 00  661.32 


$6,568.08  $5,304.60 

32 


A  saving  of  $1,263.48  is  shown  in  the  above  table  in  the 
cost  of  the  police  department  for  six  months.  In  19 14  there 
were  from  eight  to  sixteen  police  and  special  officers,  while 
the  record  for  191 5  is  five  to  seven.  There  are  about  4,000 
soldiers  stationed  at  Douglas  this  year.  While  a  provost-marshal 
assists  the  city  police,  there  are  a  great  many  arrests  of  civilians 
who  associate  with  the  rowdy  element  among  the  soldiers. 

There  should  be  no  increase  in  the  city  tax  rate  in  spite 
of  the  loss  of  $13,200  from  liquor  revenue.  There  were  twelve 
retail  liquor  saloons  and  three  wholesalers.  The  retail  saloons 
paid  $1,000  a  year  and  the  wholesalers  $400.  Due  to  the  pres- 
ence of  the  soldiers  the  average  number  of  licensed  women  was 
fifty-six  for  the  six  months  of  191 5  and  thirty-two  for  the  same 
period  of  1914. 

The  taxable  wealth  increased  over  $200,000  in  191 5.  The 
city  budget  is  as  follows  in  the  aggregate: 

1914-5  i9!5-6 

Expenditures $  1 49 , 43 3 . 8 1  $  1 48, 3 76. 8 1 

Receipts   98,963.60  97,093.81 

Taxation    $  50,470.20  $  51,283.00 

But  $812.80  additional  is  necessary  to  carry  on  the  city, 
and  this  is  more  than  made  up  by  the  increase  in  valuations. 

The  per  capita  cost  of  arrests  was  $14.34  in  1914,  and  with 
229  less  arrests  the  saving  to  the  city  was  $3,283.86  during  the 
six  months'  period  of  191 5,  or  $6,567.72  for  the  year  at  this 
rate.     This  is  about  one-half  of  the  loss  from  liquor  revenue. 

As  in  Bisbee,  all  of  the  places  fqrmerly  occupied  by  saloons 
are  occupied  by  other  businesses,  and  the  city  is  flourishing,  with 
no  empty  buildings  and  the  construction  of  new  buildings  go- 
ing on. 

GREENLEE  COUNTY. 

Greenlee  County  had  forty  retail  and  fifteen  wholesale  liquor 
licenses  in  19 14,  and  it  and  Apache  are  the  only  counties  that  have 
reduced  tax  rates  for  county  purposes  in  191 5.  The  rate  in  19 14 
in   Greenlee  County  was   70^    cents  and  in   191 5   it  is  63   cents, 

33 


while   the   taxable   wealth   has   decreased    from   $30,923,424.95   to 
$28,065,064.30. 

That  prohibition  reduced  expenses  is  shown  by  the  following 
statement  of  expenditures  through  the  public  service  departments 
of  the  county  for  the  firsts  ix  months  of  1914-15: 

Decrease 
1914  1915  for  Year 

Cost  of  Sheriff's  office $13,383.98     $11,166.72     $  4,434.52 

Cost  of  superior  court. 9,872.54         7,522.85         4,699.34 

Justice  courts  ..... _ 6,524.39         6,497.50  53.78 

$9,187.64 
Saving  in  decreased  arrests  and 

crime    3>937-36 

Liquor  license  receipts _ 13,125.00  $13,125.00 

The  county  issued  $220,525.00  in  bonds  which  caused  an  in- 
creased levy  for  interest  and  redemption  of  about  7^  cents.  For 
the  first  six  months  of  1914  the  expenditures  were  $329,417.40  and 
for  the  same  period  of  191 5  they  aggregated  $266,732.24.  The  re- 
ceipts were  $87,988.62  for  the  19 14  period  and  $70,169.75  for  the 
191 5  period,  which  shows  a  net  reduction  in  the  cost  of  county 
government  for  six  months  of  $44,866.29. 

The  total  fines  collected  in  1914  wrere  $3,456.90  and  in  191 5 
they  amounted  to  $891.30. 

The  sheriff's  deputies  were  reduced  from  nine  in  19 14  to  six 
in  191 5,  due  to  prohibition.  Billiard  licenses  increased  from  thirty- 
four  in  1914  to  fifty  in  1:915.  Greenlee  county  has  an  excellent 
record  for  decreased  cost  under  prohibition. 

Greenlee  has  the  distinction  of  being  the  only  "wet"  county 
that  reduced  its  tax  rate  for  county  purposes  following  the  elimina- 
tion of  saloons.  With  a  loss  of  over  $13,000  in  revenue  from  saloon 
licenses,  the  tax  rate  was  reduced  7^2  cents,  which  shows  the  absurd- 
ity of  the  claims  made  by  some  counties  that  prohibition  caused  in- 
creased taxation.  With  two-thirds  less  arrests  for  all  offenses  in  six 
months  following  prohibition,  Greenlee  County  makes  the  best  show- 
ing of  any  county  in  the  State  according  to  the  following: 

34 


i9*5 

i59 

47 

21 

$930.00 

$1 

[7,772.40 

$1 

[3,125.00 

First  Six  Months  of:        1914 

Total  arrests  473 

Total  for  drunkenness „ 348 

Arrests  for  violation  of  prohibition 

Fines  for  same :. 

Per  capita  cost  arrests $28.30 

314  less  arrests,  saving  for  the  year 

Loss  of  liquor  revenue 


GRAHAM  COUNTY. 

This  county  was  one  of  the  dry  counties  in  19 14,  hence  there 
is  no  value  in  comparisons  showing  the  effect  of  prohibition  upon 
the  cost  of  county  government.  It  is  significant,  however,  that  its 
tax  rate  advanced  over  2.7  cents  in  191 5  along  with  other  counties 
in  the  state,  indicating  that  the  general  increase  in  tax  rates  comes 
from  other  causes  than  loss  of  revenue  from  saloons.  The  taxab'e 
wealth  of  the  county  increased  from  $10,418,813  in  191 4  to 
$10,627,678.55  in  1915. 

The  number  of  civil  cases  filed  during  the  six  months'  period 
was  twenty-one  for  19 14  and  127  for  191 5,  and  the  criminal  cases 
fifteen  for  1914  and  five  for  191 5. 


GILA  COUNTY. 

This  county  was  second  in  the  state  in  the  number  of  saloons. 
There  were  sixty-six  retailers  and  seven  wholesalers  in  19 14.  There 
was  a  decrease  of  sixty-five  per  cent  in  crime  during  the  first  six 
months  of  prohibition,  as  shown  by  commitments  to  the  county 
jail. 

Coroner's  inquests  fell  from  twenty  to  nine  in  six  months  of 
1 9 14  and  191 5,  showing  that  killings  and  accidents  had  made  a  won- 
derful decrease.  Commitments  to  the  State  industrial  school  de- 
creased from  six  to  one. 

Commitments  to  the  county  jail  of  United  States  prisoners  show 
a  decrease  from  forty-six  for  the  first  six  months  of  1914  to  seven- 
teen for  the  same  period  of  191 5. 

36 


For  the  first  six  months  of  191 5  there  were  eleven  violations  of 
the  prohibition  amendment,  and  during  September  there  were  twelve 
convictions  in  the  superior  court,  the  most  of  the  offenders  now 
serving  jail  sentences.     The  total  fines  paid  by  offenders  was  $976. 

Under  liquor  conditions  Gila  county  had  more  murders  than 
any  county  in  the  State  except  Cochise.  The  unusual  record  of 
Pinal  County  of  seventeen  murders  and  attempts  to  kill  the  first  six 
months  of  19 14,  of  course,  is  a  record  that  stands  unchallenged  by 
any  county  in  the  state  for  such  a  brief  period ;  but  there  have  been 
terms  of  court  in  Gila  County  when  a  dozen  murder  cases  came 
on  for  trial.  The  most  of  the  murders  came  directly  or  indirectly 
through  liquor  conditions  in  the  county. 

While  there  has  been  no  decrease  in  the  number  of  sheriff's 
deputies,  there  has  been  a  decrease  in  the  total  cost  of  public  welfare 
departments  such  as  superior  court,  sheriff  and  justices  of  the  peace. 
The  cost  of  the  superior  court  has  increased  due  to  additional  civil 
litigation,  civil  cases  docketei  for  the  six  months  of  19 14  being  121 
and  for  the  191 5  period  they  totaled  151.  As  in  most  of  the  counties 
•of  the  State,  the  county  budget  did  not  allow  for  any  saving  through 
these  departments  due  to  prohibition,  but  that  savings  have  accrued 
is  shown  in  the  65  per  cent  decrease  in  crime  in  the  county  in  six 
months.  Of  the  crime  prevented  by  prohibition  there  might  have 
been  one  or  two  murder  cases  that  would  have  cost  $9,000 — the 
saving  based  upon  per  capita  cost  of  arrests.  No  one  knows  what 
the  saving  has  actually  been,  and  the  per  capita  cost  basis  furnishes 
the  best  illustration  in  this  county  as  well  as  all  others  in  the  state. 

The  increase  in  the  tax  rate  for  county  purposes  was  $0,103, 
and  the  portion  due  to  prohibition  was  .0169,  with  the  year's  credit 
of  fines  upon  the  six  months'  basis,  and  the  increased  cost  of  the 
superior  court  caused  by  civil  litigation.  Eight  cents  and  six  mills 
was  due  to  other  sources  than  prohibition.  When  the  year  is  fin- 
ished there  is  no  doubt  but  that  the  charge  for  the  increased  tax 
rate  will  be  materially  reduced. 

Sheriff  Frank  Haynes  is  making  a  determined  effort  to  enforce 
the  prohibition  law,  and  the  first  six  months  has  shown  excellent 
results,  which  will  be  reflected  in  decreased  crime  of  all  offenses  for 
rthe  following  six  months  of  the  year.  Gila  and  Cochise  are  the  most 
difficult  counties  in  the  State  to  handle  by  officers  of  the  law  owing 
to  the  large  number  of  saloons  in  191 4  and  the  great  amount  of 

36 


liquor  that  still  remained  after  prohibition  took  effect.  Gradually 
this  condition  is  being  improved,  and  the  comparison  of  the  last  six 
months  of  1914  and  191 5  will  surely  reveal  the  results  of  the  deter- 
mination of  officials  in  those  counties  to  enforce  the  law. 

Due  to  unusual  activity  in  the  mines  and  smelters,  Miami  has 
increased  wonderfully  in  population  during  the  past  twelve  months, 
hence  the  decrease  in  crime  is  of  all  the  more  importance  as  a  credit 
to  prohibition.  A  larger  number  of  men  are  also  employed  at  Globe 
and  other  surrounding  camps  than  during  the  six  months  of  19 14, 
yet  crime  has  decreased  65  per  cent. 

The  general  appearance  of  both  Globe  and  Miami  have  im- 
proved, and  Winkleman,  which  was  always  expensive  to  the  public 
welfare  departments  of  county  government,  is  now  a  peaceful,  law- 
abiding  camp.  Prohibition  has  served  best  in  those  places  where 
crime  was  greatest  under  saloon  conditions,  and  this  is  shown  in 
almost  every  county  in  the  State.  Sonora  town,  Ray  and  Winkle- 
man  are  shining  examples  of  the  benefit  that  has  come  to  outlying 
camps  in  the  State. 

Places  in  Globe  and  Miami  formerly  occupied  by  saloons  are 
about  all  filled  with  other  businesses,  and  there  is  a  general  improve- 
ment that  is  very  noticeable. 

Gila  County  had  the  greatest  increase  in  stocks  of  merchandise 
in  191 5  of  any  county  in  the  state,  which  shows  that  an  unusual  era 
of  prosperity  has  set  in  there. 

There  was  an  increase  in  the  total  taxable  wealth  of  Gila  County 
of  about  $6,000,000  in  191 5. 

The  mining  companies  report  an  increase  in  efficiency  of  labor, 
and  they  are  well  pleased  with  the  results  of  prohibition  in  this  re- 
spect. This  efficiency,  of  course,  directly  effects  trade  conditions 
in  the  county  for  the  better. 

Prohibition. 
1914  1915  Debit.  Credit. 

Cost   sheriff's    office $14,103.65    $13,400.00 

Decrease  for  the  year $    1,407.20 

Cost  superior  court  10,294.00      11,410.00 

Increase  for  the  year $    2,232.00 

Cost  of  justice  courts 7,628.00        6,630.00 

Decrease   for   the  year 1,996.00 

No.    violations    prohibition....  11 

Fines  for  same    976.00 

Total   fir   the   year 1,952.00 

37 


Commitments  jail  138  90 

Decrease   six    months 48 

Per  capita  cost  arrests 102.20 

Saving  for  the  year 9,811.20 

Loss  of  liquor  revenue 20,100.00 

No.  of  sheriff's  deputies 6  6 

$22,332.00    $15,166.40 
Increase  due  to  prohibition..  7,165.60 

$22,332.00    $22,332.00 

Tax  rate  .50  .603 

Increase    .103 

Increase  due  to  prohibition..  .0169 

Due  to  other  sources .0861 

Taxable  wealth,   1914,    $36,276,461.25. 
Taxable  wealth,    1915,    $42,251,511.64. 

In  the  city  of  Globe  there  was  a  remarkable  decrease  in  crime, 

shown  by  the  following  statement  from  the  records  of  the  police 
department : 

1914  1915 

Total  arreses  _ 612  214 

Arrests  for  drunkenness. 165  18 

Number  of  saloons 18  o 

Number  of  police  and  guards „ 5  3 

A  decrease  of  398  arrests  for  all  offenses,  and  147  less  arrests 
for  drunkenness,  shows  plainly  the  evil  of  the  eighteen  saloons  of 
1914.  The  per  capita  cost  of  arrests  in  1914  was  $17.00  in  Globe, 
and  with  398  less  arrests  there  should  be  a  considerable  saving  to 
the  city  at  the  close  of  the  year.  Dropping  two  police  shows  a  saving 
of  $2,400,  caused  directly  by  prohibition  decreasing  crime  in  the 
city.  This  decrease  in  crime  fully  makes  up  the  loss  of  liquor 
revenue  viewed  from  all  the  benefit  that  has  come  to  the  city. 

The  tax  rate  of  Globe  for  19 14  was  .014,  with  $4,966,129 
valuation.  This  year  the  valuation  was  decreased  slightly  to 
$4,706,047.73,  but  the  tax  rate  had  not  been  fixed  the  first  week  of 
October  as  the  board  of  equalization  was  still  in  session.  Unless 
there  are  extraordinary  improvements  contemplated  the  rate  should 
not  be  much  higher  than  last  year. 


38 


MARICOPA  COUNTY. 

Maricopa  is  the  only  interior  county  in  the  State  where  arrests 
have  not  been  less  the  first  six  months  of  19 15.  A  plethora  of  burg- 
laries, grand  larcenies  and  twenty-four  arrests  for  violating  the  pro- 
hibition amendment,  ran  the  arrests  beyond  the  1914  record.  The 
following  table  shows  the  arrests  by  months: 

1914  1915 

January    1 4  20 

February    ...„ _ _ 21  26 

March    _ 25  56 

April  22  1 5 

May 3 1  36 

June    , 8  1 5 

July    - 23  15 

August    23  17 


167  201 

In  191 5  there  were  twenty-two  arrests  for  grand  larceny  and 
one  for  this  offense  in  19 14;  thirty-one  for  burglary  and  one  in 
191 4;  nine  for  robbery  and  none  in  19 14,  and  twenty-four  for  selling 
liquor.  On  the  other  hand  there  were  forty-nine  arrests  for  misde- 
meanors in  1914  and  but  two  for  this  offense  in  191 5.  Unusual 
industrial  conditions  throughout  the  country  brought  an  influx  of 
indigents  to  the  Salt  River  Valley  which  is  shown  in  the  expenditures 
for  outside  relief  of  $8,174.20  for  the  first  six  months  of  191 5  and 
$5,589.73  for  the  same  period  of  19 14.  The  price  of  alfalfa  dropped 
from  the  high  point  in  1914  of  $13  to  $5  in  191 5  and  all  other 
farm  products  decreased.  Cattle  feeding  instead  of  baling  the  hay 
was  resorted  to,  throwing  many  laborers  out  of  employment.  The 
conditions  in  191 5  were  unusual,  and  with  the  extraordinary  visita- 
tion of  the  army  of  unemployed  from  east  and  west,  the  public  wel- 
fare department  of  the  county  could  hardly  be  expected  to  show  a 
different  record  for  crime  and  indigent  expense. 

The  general  improvement  in  conditions  which  was  apparent 
throughout  the  State  beginning  in  March,  191 5,  did  not  set  in  in  the 
Salt  River  Valley  until  a  month  or  two  later,  but  since  there; has 
been  a  steady  advance  which  is  reflected  in  business  conditions  all 

39 


over  the  valley.  Phoenix  had  grown  rapidly  and  had  a  greater 
building  record  for  several  years  than  any  city  in  the  Southwest. 
When  the  depression  came,  building  ceased  and  many  laborers  were 
thrown  out  of  employment,  public  improvement  work  was  almost 
completely  stopped,  and  labor  felt  the  blow  keenly.  The  hobo  ele- 
ment invaded  the  valley  and  burglaries  and  larcenies  kept  the 
sheriff's  office  busy. 

But  in  the  face  of  the  unusual  conditions  the  total  cost  of  the 
sheriff's  office  was  $20,444.75  f°r  the  Slx  months  of  191 5  and 
$20,423.42  for  the  same  period  of  1914,  with  $2,223  m  fines  for 
twenty-four  violations  of  the  prohibition  amendment.  Although  a 
second  judge  of  the  superior  court  was  added,  the  total  cost  of  the 
superior  courts  of  the  county  was  reduced  from  $27,956.43  the 
first  six  months  of  1914  to  $21,091.44  for  the  same  period  of  1915. 
There  were  292  civil  cases  filed  for  the  19 14  period  and  385  for  the 
191 5  period;  and  eighty-five  criminal  cases  for  1914  with  124  for 
the  191 5  period.  With  several  additional  justice  courts  the  in- 
creased expense  for  the  period  was  $1,597. 

There  was  an  increase  in  the  tax  rate  for  county  purposes  of 
6y2  cents.  The  following  statement  shows  the  expense  of  the 
public  welfare  departments  of  the  county  government,  together  with 
the  effect  of  prohibition  upon  county  affairs  in  the  face  of  the 
adverse  conditions  which  existed: 

Prohibition. 

First  six  months  of:  1914  1915           Credit.           Debit. 

Cost  of  sheriff $20,423.42  $20,444.75 

Number  of  deputies 9  9 

Violations  prohibition  24 

Fines    for   violations $  2,223.00 

Total  for  the  year $   4,446.00 

Cost  superior  courts 27,956.43  21,091.44 

Decrease  for  the  year 13,729.98 

Number    of    judges 1  2 

Total  civil  cases  docketed....  292  385 

Total    criminal    cases    docket  85  124 

Total   juvenile    cases    docket  41  49 

Cost   justice   courts 8,772.70  10,369.70 

Number  justice   courts 7  10 

Average    cost    1,253.24  10,369.70 

Three   additional   courts 3,110.91 

Liquor   license   revenue 9,375.00                                                $   9,375.00 

Number  of  saloons  27 

Wholesale    4 

Fines  and  forfeitures 1,620.55  596.10 

40 


Loss  for  the  year  2,048.90 

Clerk  superior  court  fees  ... .      6,550.00        5,923.60 

Decrease  for  the  year 1,252.80 

Sheriff's  fees  2,164.98        2,681.23 

Increase  for  the  year 1,032.50 

Board  U.  S.  prisoners 2,011.85      10,865.95 

Fees  justice  courts 741.55        1,099.05 

Increase  for  the  year 715.00 

No.   boys  attending  school....  6,982  7,046 


$19,923.48    $12,676.70 
Taxable   wealth,    1914,    $76,163,686.79. 
Taxable  wealth,    1915,    $73,362,414.88. 

County  tax  rate .515  .58 

Increase  due  to  prohibition.  0. 

Over  $7,000  less  expense  for  the  public  service  departments  of 
the  county  government  since  prohibition  shows  that  prohibition  is 
entitled  to  a  place  in  the  credit  column  in  that  county,  and  that  the 
increase  of  6y2  cents  in  the  county  rate  would  have  been  greater  had 
prohibition  not  stepped  in  to  decrease  the  cost  of  the  public  welfare 
departments.  One  murder  case  of  the  prior  year  cost  almost  what 
the  county  lost  this  year  in  saloon  revenues.  The  end  of  this  year 
will  show  a  much  greater  decrease  in  crime  which  is  indicated  by 
the  last  months  presented  in  this  report. 

Phoenix  Makes  Remarkable  Showing: 

Over  $5,000,000  increase  in  taxable  wealth,  decrease  in  tax 
rate,  and  about  $20,000  less  in  cost  of  city  government  for  six 
months  is  the  record  of  Phoenix  for  the  first  half  of  191 5  as- 
compared  with  the  first  half  of  last  year. 

The  record  of  arrests  for  drunkenness  for  the  first  six 
months  of  19 14  perhaps  surpasses  any  city  of  its  size  in  the 
United  States,  and  shows  how  much  that  city  needed  the  sweep* 
ing  change  caused  by  prohibition.     Here  are  the  figures: 

First  six  months  of:      1914  191 5 

Drunkenness    arrests  1,210  85 

The  per  capita  cost  of  arrests  of  1914  was  $6.53.  With 
1,125  less  arrests  for  the  six  months  of  191 5  for  this  offense, 
there  was  a  decreased  cost  of  $7,346.25  to  the  city.  This  saving 
is  now  reflected  throughout  the  public  welfare  departments  of 
the  city. 

41 


Estimating  the  loss  of  labor  to  the  community,  the  amount 
it  cost  in  dollars  and  cents  for  each  man  to  get  drunk,  the  con- 
sequent charge  upon  public  and  private  charities,  the  loss  to 
merchants — placing  the  average  at  $10,  and  the  aggregate  cost 
was  $11,250. 

The  receipts  for  licenses  for  the  six  months  was  $10,702.21, 
about  half  the  saving  shown  in  the  cost  of  city  government  for 
the  six  months,  and  not  enough  to  make  up  the  total  cost  to  the 
community  of  $11,250. 

An  average  of  nearly  seven  arrests  a  day  for  six  months 
because  of  drunkenness  for  the  capitol  city  of  Arizona!  And 
prohibition  the  first  six  months  reduces  this  to  an  arrest  every 
two  and  one-sixth  days. 

Fifty-seven  per  cent  of  the  city  arrests  were  for  drunken- 
ness in  the  city  of  Phoenix  during  the  first  half  of  19 14,  while 
for  the  same  period  of  191 5  a  little  less  than  nine  per  cent  of 
the  total  were  for  this  offense. 

Where  twenty-three  policemen  and  guards  were  necessary, 
but  seventeen  were  employed  during  the  191 5  period.  Felonies 
for  which  arrests  were  made  by  the  city  police  fell  from  seventy- 
two  to  sixty. 

There  were  1,094  less  arrests  for  all  offenses  in  Phoenix 
during,  this  period  of  191 5  than  the  same  period  of  the  preceding 
year.  This  is  a  decrease  of  nearly  fifty  per  cent.  Such  a  record 
following  the  abrupt  change,  with  liquor  still  plentiful  in  the 
city  in  private  stocks  and  homes,  points  clearly  to  the  success 
of  prohibition. 

The  city  magistrate's  dockets  show  1,665  criminal  cases 
docketed  for  the  first  six  months  of  19 14  and  but  475  for  the 
same  period  of  191 5,  a  decrease  of  over  seventy  per  cent.  How 
much  less  in  cost  and  misery  does  this  represent  ?  Who  can  say 
that  this  saving  alone  does  not  more  than  compensate  for  the 
liquor  revenue  now  "lost"  to  the  city? 

Phoenix  presents  such  a  striking  example  of  the  benefits 
of  prohibition,  that  it  is  useless  to  go  farther  into  municipal 
affairs.  However,  owing  to  the  direct  effect  upon  municipal 
expense  of  the  liquor  traffic  which  has  been  misrepresented  and 
misunderstood,  we  have  not  contented  ourselves  with  giving 
the  direct  benefits   of   prohibition  through   the  cost  of   courts 

42 


and  police,  but  have  branched  out  to  show  the  general  benefits 
which  have  accrued. 

The  following  statement  is  for  the  first  six  months  of  19 14 
and  the  same  period  for  191 5,  and  shows  a  healthful  condition 
existing  now  in  Phoenix  city  government: 

First  six  months  of:         1914  191 5 

Expenses  operation  and  maintenance...$  13 1,349.47  $126,254.29 

Outlays  from  revenue 51,001.72  37>933-64 

Outlays  from   funds  created  by  debt 

liability  32,429.82  5,113.80 

Tot'l  receipts  from  revenue,  all  sources  285,941.72  185,609.17 

Total  receipts  from  liquor  licenses 10,941.72  None 

Total  receipts  from  bond  issues 154,568.69  None 

Tax  rate  for  period  covered .88  1.00 

Total  assessed  valuation,  1914,  $24,301,326;  base  90%. 

Total  assessed  valuation,  191 5,  $29,367,774;  base,  actual  value. 

The  tax  rate  for  the  last  six  months  of  191 5  was  cut  to  85 
cents,  based,  of  course,  upon  reductions  in  the  cost  of  local  gov- 
ernment for  the  first  six  months  of  191 5.  Owing  to  the  fiscal 
year  beginning  on  July  1st  and  ending  on  June  30th,  Phoenix 
has  two  tax  rates  within  the  year. 

The  above  statement  shows  that  receipts  from  all  sources 
excluding  bond  issues  were  over  $54,000  more  for  the  191 5 
period  than  the  19 14,  notwithstanding  the  loss  of  over  $10,000 
of  liquor  revenue.  It  also  shows  that  the  actual  cost  of  city 
government  was  reduced  from  $182,351.19  to  $164,288.08  dur- 
ing this  period,  a  saving  of  over  $18,000. 

We  have  noted  an  increase  of  $5,000,000  in  taxable  wealth 
for  the  6  months.  It  will  be  seen  that  the  above  statement  shows 
that  the  19 14  assessment  was  about  ten  per  cent  below  actual 
value,  while  the  191 5  assessment  was  based  on  actual  value, 
therefore  the  actual  increase  in  valuations  was  $2,636,313  for 
the  six  months — a  showing  that  does  not  uphold  in  the  slightest 
the  contention  that  Phoenix  has  not  progressed.  On  the  con- 
trary, it  shows  a  remarkable  growth  in  the  face  of  unusual  in- 
dustrial conditions  which  vitally  affected  the  markets  for  almost 
every  commodity  produced  in  the  Salt  River  Valley. 

43 


MOHAVE  COUNTY. 

This  county  also  administers  the  town  of  Kingman  and  the 
mining  camps  of  the  county.  Public  improvements  in  Kingman  are 
responsible  for  an  increase  of  5^2  cents  in  the  county  tax  rate.  A 
handsome  new  court  house,  the  finest  in  the  State,  also  contributed 
towards  the  increased  cost  of  county  government,  together  with  the 
loss  of  $314,779.37  in  taxable  wealth  due  to  a  readjustment  of  valu- 
ations, which  cost  the  county  about  $3,000  in  revenue. 

There  were  sixty-seven  less  arrests  in  Mohave  county  the  first 
six  months  of  191 5  compared  with  the  same  period  of  the  preceding 
year.  There  were  twelve  saloons  and  two  wholesale  houses  in  the 
county.  The  per  capita  cost  per  arrest  was  $83.47  and  with  sixty- 
seven  less  arrests  the  credit  amounts  to  $5,592.49,  more  than  the 
loss  of  revenue  from  liquor.  It  is  not  necessary,  therefore  to 
analyze  this  county  to  get  at  the  proportion  that  prohibition  is 
charged  with  in  the  increase  of  5^2  cents  in  the  county  tax  rate 
for  it  is  evident  that  the  loss  of  liquor  revenue  is  completely  made 
up.  Sheriff  J.  C.  Lane  is  patroling  the  northern  border  of  the 
county  to  prevent  the  introduction  of  liquor,  which  requires  the 
services  of  one  and  two  deputies.  There  has  been  no  decrease,  there- 
fore, in  the  number  of  deputies,  the  number  remaining  at  five  for 
last  year  and  this.  Notwithstanding  the  extra  expense,  the  sheriffs 
office  for  the  six  months'  period  cost  but  $302.20  more  than  the 
last  year's  first  six  months.  The  superior  court  cost  $4,337.75  in 
1914  and  $3,852.50  in  191 5  for  the  first  six  months.  There  were 
five  justice  courts  in  19 14  and  eight  in  191 5,  and  owing  to  the  fact 
that  fees  were  allowed  in  1914  and  salaries  paid  in  191 5,  there  is 
considerable  difference  in  the  cost  of  justice  courts.  Meals  for 
prisoners  was  $1,028.65  in  1914  and  $875.10  in  191 5. 

There  have  been  six  violations  of  the  prohibition  law,  and  $225 
paid  in  fines.  The  total  fines  have  increased  for  the  six  months' 
period,  and  the  total  receipts  from  all  sources  increased  from 
$23,662.06  to  $25,626.77  for  the  six  months'  period,  the  total  dis- 
bursements falling  off  from  $137,737.91  to  $120,666.57.  At  this 
rate  there  does  not  seem  to  be  any  reason  for  an  increased  tax  rate 
except  for  contemplated  public  improvements. 

The  boys  attending  school  in  1914  numbered  255  and  in  191 5 
326,  and  the  girls  255  against  288,  showing  the  uniform  increase  in 
boys  throughout  the  state. 

44 


All  of  the  buildings  formerly  occupied  by  saloons  are  in  use 
for  other  purposes,  and  the  improvement  in  the  general  appearance 
of  Kingman  is  very  noticeable. 

At  Oatman  the  miners  are  putting  their  earnings  into  the  stock 
of  a  mine  in  which  they  are  employed. 

PIMA  COUNTY. 

Because  the  tax  rate  was  20  cents  higher  this  year  in  Pima 
County,  prohibition  was  charged  with  the  entire  amount,  by  some 
who  knew  better  and  others  who  did  not  take  the  time  to  reason 
it  out. 

An  increase  of  20  cents  in  the  rate  brings  $52,015.50  in  revenue, 
and  the  loss  of  liquor  licenses  was  $11,500 — according  to  the  county 
budget — a  difference  of  $40,515.  The  191 5-16  budget  shows  $5,000 
as  estimated  receipts  from  lodging  and  feeding  government  prison- 
ers, and  the  19 14- 15  budget  shows  the  same  amount,  so  there  has 
been  no  loss  from  that  source.  There  was  a  refund  of  $4,300  to 
saloon  men  for  unexpired  licenses,  but  that  cannot  be  considered  for 
it  was  received  in  19 14  and  used  for  county  purposes  of  that  year, 
reducing  to  that  extent  the  cost  of  19 14  county  government.  If  it 
was  not  spent  at  all,  which  should  be  the  case,  then  there  was  also 
no  loss.  At  any  rate  it  cannot  be  charged  against  191 5-16,  hence  it 
does  not  belong  in  the  analysis.  The  budget  of  1914-15  counted  on 
that  amount,  and  it  belongs  to  that  year  altogether. 

The  tax  rate  necessary  to  raise  the  $11,500  claimed  in  the 
budget  to  be  the  loss  of  saloon  revenue,  was  4.4  cents.  So  15.6  cents 
of  the  increased  tax  rate  for  the  county  was  for  other  "losses"  to 
the  taxpayers.  Just  what  some  of  these  items  are  will  be  given 
in  detail  in  this  report. 

But  what  we  are  particularly  interested  in  is  this  alleged  loss 
of  $11,500  of  saloon  licenses.  Can  it  be  possible  that  prohibition, 
with  the  tables  I  have  presented  showing  decrease  in  county  crime, 
have  no  power  in  Pima  County  to  reduce  the  cost  of  the  public  wel- 
fare departments  during  the  entire  year  of  191 5?  Is  it  not  barely 
possible  that  the  budget-makers  did  not  take  into  consideration  the 
whole  year?  For  the  purpose  of  illustration,  I  will  accept  the  loss 
as  $11,500,  take  the  credits  prohibition  is  entitled  to  and  the  result 
appears  as  follows: 

45 


Debit  Credit 

Prohibition  Prohibition 

Loss  of  saloon  revenue- _ $11,500.00 

Fines  for  violation  prohibition  amendment...  $2,175.00 
Decreased    cost    of    justice    courts    for    the 

year  _ 246. 00 

Increase  of  justice  fines  for  the  year 614.42 

Fifty-five   less   arrests    for    six    months    at 

$35.90,  for  the  year  at  this  rate 3,949.00 

One  less  deputy  in  sheriff's  office,  9  months  1,125.00 


$11,500.00     $8,109.42 

This  leaves  but  $3,390.58  as  the  charge  against  prohibition,  or 
a  tax  rates  of  1.3  cents.  With  a  special  effort  to  suppress  boot- 
legging, who  knows  but  that  this  amount  will  be  wiped  out  in  fines 
before  the  year  ends,  leaving  no  charge  against  prohibition  ? 

The  Moore-Fenter  criminal  case  cost  the  county  $3,728.60,  and 
the  sheriff's  office  had  extraordinary  expenses  for  several  months 
of  191 5,  but  the  latter  months  do  not  show  any  such  expense.  If  the 
budget  was  made  up  on  the  basis  of  the  first  few  months'  expense 
as  regards  the  sheriff's  office,  there  will  be  a  saving  before  the  year 
ends  that  will  make  the  budget  estimate  for  sheriff's  expense  un- 
warranted. 

So  prohibition,  from  the  mere  standpoint  of  cost  will  be  neg- 
ligible before  the  year  ends.  And  who  can  count  the  benefits?  Who 
knows  what  fifty-five  less  arrests  in  six  months  means  in  decreased 
crime  and  misery?  One  criminal  case  might  have  been  prevented 
that  would  have  cost  thousands  of  dollars  to  taxpayers. 

We  are  particularly  interested  in  the  Pima  County  budget  since 
the  statement  was  published  when  the  clerk  of  the  board  of  super- 
visors gave  out  the  tax  rate  for  this  year  that  the  increase  in  the 
county  rate  was  caused  by  prohibition. 

Let  us  see,  by  analyzing  the  county  budget,  upon  which  an 
increase  of  19J/2  cents  was  made,  just  how  prohibition  enters  into  the 
equation.  We  will  take  the  budget  of  19 14,  upon  which  the  rate  for 
that  year  was  made,  and  the  budget  of  191 5,  upon  which  the  in- 
crease oi  igy2  cents  in  the  rate  was  brought  about,  and  analyze  the 
relation  of  the  items  of  increase  to  the  loss  of  revenue  from  saloons 

46 


and  account  for  such  items  as  are  properly  chargeable  to  prohibition. 
If  you  have  the  county  budget  published  in  the  Arizona  Star  July 
28,  191 5,  you  will  find  the  estimated  cost  of  county  government 
itemized,  and  the  following  statement  takes  only  those  items  where 
increases  occur  in  order  that  the  reader  may  decide  for  himself 
whether  the  increase  was  caused  by  prohibition  or  not: 

Increase 

Expressage,  freight  and  postage $  100.00 

Printing,  books  and  stationery 300.00 

County   fair   fund 5,000.00 

Janitor  and  night  watchman 1 80.00 

Telephones  300.00 

Insurance    _ _ _ _ 425.00 

Indigent  sick  in  hospital 2,500.00 

Physician  for  outside  sick 300.00 

Provisions   for   indigents „ 2, 100.00 

Transportation  for  indigents 200.00 

Sheriff's  expense  _ 5,000.00 

Assistant   County  Attorney 1 ,200.00 

Expense  in  criminal  cases _ 2,750.00 

Expense  in  civil  cases 250.00 

Fees  and  mileage  jurors _ _ 1,500.00 

Tucson    justice's   clerk 1 ,080.00 

Roads  _ 10,000.00 


Total  increases _ $33, 1 85.00 

What  items  above  can  be  charged  to  prohibition?  Were  there 
any  more  express  charges?  Were  more  books  required?  Is  the 
county  fair  the  result  of  prohibition  with  its  $5,000  expense  to 
taxpayers?  With  seventy-six  less  arrests  for  the  first  seven  months 
of  191 5  than  the  same  period  of  the  preceding  year,  is  prohibition 
responsible  for  the  increase  of  the  wages  of  the  night  watchman  and 
janitor?  With  but  ten  arrests  for  violation  of  the  prohibition 
amendment  during  the  first  seven  months  it  is  in  operation,  all  of 
them  made  within  a  mile  of  the  sheriff's  office,  is  the  $300  increase 
in  telephones  to  be  charged  against  prohibition  ?  What  has  prohibi- 
tion to  do  with  the  increase  of  insurance?    The  indigent  sick  in  the 

47 


hospital,  $2,500  increase — did  anyone  go  to  the  hospital  because  he 
did  not  get  liquor?  To  be  sure  there  were  many  ' 'outside  sick," 
and  many  inside  sick,  but  how  can  prohibition  be  charged  with  this 
$300  increase?  And  provisions  and  transportation  for  indigents — 
turn  to  the  table  of  indigents  and  vagrants  in  this  report  and  observe 
the  army  that  swarmed  through  Tucson  during  the  winter  months 
of  191 5.  The  police  records  indicate  the  vagrants,  the  down-and- 
outs;  the  county  provision  list  reveals  those  worthy  of  assistance. 
If  prohibition  caused  this  extraordinary  expense,  why  did  the  ex- 
pense cease  when  this  army  of  unemployed  passed  on  their  journey 
east  to  west?  We  have  prohibition  today,  yet  all  this  extraordinary 
expense  of  the  firsti  three  or  four  months  of  191 5  has  ceased  and 
normal  condition  again  prevail. 

We  now  get  down  to  the  sheriff's  expense,  the  courts  and 
county  attorney — the  public  welfare  department  of  county  govern- 
ment. The  first  item  is  $5,000  increase  for  the  sheriff's  office.  Let 
us  go  into  this  item  carefully.  The  sheriff's  office  cost  $10,845.39 
for  the  first  six  months  of  1914  and  $13,251.22  for  the  same  period 
of  191 5,  an  increase  of  $2,405.83.  If  this  expense  should  keep  up  at 
this  rate  the  increase  in  the  estimate  for  191 5  is  justifiable.  But  the 
question  that  concerns  us  is:  How  much  of  this  additional  expense 
comes  from  prohibition  ?  Only  ten  arrests  have  been  made,  all  within 
a  stone's  throw  of  the  county  courthouse,  and  $2,175  in  fines  have 
been  paid  by  these  offenders.  The  total  of  these  arrests  did 
not  cost  anything  extra,  and  the  only  expense  is  the  boarding  of  two 
offenders  which  would  amount  to  $200  if  they  had  served  out  their 
terms.  There  were  a  couple  of  special  detectives  employed  secretly. 
Their  total  expense  was  less  than  $500. 

The  increase  for  courts  was  $4,500  in  the  above  table  of  in- 
creases. The  total  cost  of  the  superior  court  was  $7,035.60  the  first 
six  months  of  1914  and  $8,746.86  for  the  same  period  of  191 5,  an 
increase  of  $1,711.26.  Certainly  the  Moore-Fenter  case  was  un- 
usual, and  cost  a  great  deal  of  money,  the  total  cost  of  this  case 
being  $3,728.60.  Of  this  total  the  superior  court  and  district  at- 
torney's assistant  cost  $3,162.60  for  the  grand  jury  investigation 
and  trial  of  this  case.  The  superior  court  alone  is  charged  with 
$1,962  for  this  case.  Subtract  this  amount  from  the  $8,746.86  cost 
of  the  superior  court  for  the  first  six  months  of  191 5  and  we  find 

48 


the  cost  to  have  been  $6,784.26,  or  $251.34  less  than  the  tirst  six 
months  of  the  preceding  ye«». 

So,  with  these  facts  before  you,  was  it  prohibition  or  the 
unusual  Moore-Fenter  case  that  is  responsible  for  the  increase  cost 
of  courts? 

Regarding  the  item  for  a  clerk  for  the  Tucson  justice,  this 
accrued  before  prohibition.  There  were  twenty-eight  less  criminal 
cases  docketed  in  that  particular  court  during  the  first  six  months  of 
19 1 5  than  the  prior  six  months,  and  every  case  for  violation  of  pro- 
hibition arising  in  that  court  and  disposed  of  has  its  cost  many  times 
offset  by  fines.  Would  there  have  been  twenty-eight  less  criminal 
cases  docketed  in  the  justice  court  of  Tucson  precinct  if  we  did  not 
have  prohibition  during  that  period?  All  of  the  tables  of  arrests 
presented  in  this  report  answer  this  most  emphatically  in  the  neg- 
ative. 

Let  us  charge  prohibition  with  $1,000  of  the  increase  cost  of  the 
sheriff's  office  and  courts.  Now  let  us  see  where  this  charge  is 
offset.  In  19 14  it  cost  $35.90  for  each  arrest  made  by  the  sheriff's 
office — this,  of  course,  being  the  pro  rata  cost.  The  records  of  prior 
years  show  an  unfailing  per  capita  increase  in  arrests  each  year 
until  prohibition  came  January  1,  191 5.  Then  the  converse  came 
in  the  tables.  For  the  six  months  of  191 5  there  were  fifty-five 
less  arrests  than  for  the  same  period  of  19 14.  It  is  reasonable  to 
conclude  that  the  yearly  increase  per  capita  of  population  would  have 
gone  on  uninterrupted  had  not  prohibition  interferred.  Then  there 
would  have  been  at  least  fifty-five  to  add  to  the  number  of  arrests 
for  the  six  months'  191 5  period.  This  additional  fifty-five,  at  the 
191 4  cost  per  arrest,  would  have  meant  an  added  expense  to  the 
county  of  $1,974.50  for  the  six  months'  period  or  $3,949.00  for 
the  year. 

Prohibition,  therefore,  in  the  final  analysis,  taking  even  the 
lowest  cost  of  arrests,  cost  the  county  $1,000  (without  taking  credit 
for  fines  paid)  and  saved  $1,974.50  for  the  six  months. 

It  is  apparent  that  prohibition  has  decreased  rather  than  in- 
creased the  cost  of  Pima  County  government  so  far  as  expenditures 
are  concerned. 

Now  let  us  look  into  the  estimated  receipts  in  the  budget.  Here 
we  find: 

49 


1914  1915 

License  collections  $  1 2,000.00  $500.00 

The  loss,  then,  for  191 5  is  to  be  $11,500.00  because  of  the 
closing  of  the  saloons  in  Pima  County.  From  this  amount  we  take 
$1,974.50  and  we  have  a  net  charge  against  prohibition  of  $9,525.00. 

But  upon  analysis  of  the  county  budget  we  find  another  loss  to 
the  taxpayers  that  more  than  makes  up  the  charge  against  prohibi- 
tion. 

There  was  $14,220.00  of  receipts  left  out  of  the  county  budget, 
or  $4,679.00  in  excess  of  the  loss  charged  to  prohibition.  Leaving 
out  these  receipts  caused  an  increase  in  the  tax  rate  of  5^  cents. 
Budgets  are  supposed  to  be  made  up  on  the  actual  receipts  of  the 
year  up  to  six  months  and  then  one-half  added.  If  this  method  had 
been  followed  the  taxpayers  would  have  gained  over  $14,000  and 
the  loss  charged  to  prohibition  made  up  completely  with  over  $4,000 
to  spare. 

The  table  given  below  shows  the  estimate  of  receipts  as  given 
in  the  county  budget,  and  which  vitally  affected  the  amount  of  the 
tax  rate.  It  also  shows  those  receipts  omitted  entirely  from  the 
budget,  also  the  actual  receipts  for  the  six  months  of  191 5  upon 
which  the  estimates  in  the  budget  should  have  been  based,  and  the 
receipts  for  the  year  upon  that  basis.  This  is  a  vital  point,  for 
whatever  amount  the  receipts  from  outside  sources  are  arbitrarily 
lessened,  the  greater  corresponding  taxes  will  be.  Any  student  of 
municipal  government  knows  this  to  be  true.  The  table  following 
shows  where  the  omissions  occur: 

Estimate  in      Actual  Probable 

County  Receipts  Receipts 

Department                                   Budget  ist6Mos.  for  Year 

Recorder  fees $  6,500.00  $3,252.60  $  6,500.00 

Bank  interest  1,500.00       2,247.73  4,000.00 

Licenses    500.00          360.00  720.00 

Meals,  U.  S _ 5,000.00       2,336.25  5,000.00 

Clerk  court  6,000.00       2,558.22  5,500.00 

Forest  Res.  R 1,000.00  1,000.00 

Back  tax   interest 500.00       1,462.07  2,000.00 

Fines  and  forfeitures 1,000.00       2,483.92  3,000.00 

60 


Assessor's  school  tax 5,000.00 

Assessor's  personal  property None 

Assessor's   road   tax None 

Treasurer's  school  tax None 

Sheriff's  civil    fees None 


2,882.50 

5,000.00 

4,288.70 

5,500.00 

372.00 

500.00 

235.00 

500.00 

1,319-62 

2,000.00 

$27,000.00  $41,220.00 

Estimates  omitted  from  budget...   14,220.00 


$41,220.00  $41,220.00 

Enforcement  of  the  Prohibition  Amendment. 

There  have  not  been  the  number  of  prosecutions  for  viola- 
tion of  the  prohibition  amendment  that  the  people  generally 
expected  would  follow.  Whether  this  is  due  to  a  disposition 
on  the  part  of  the  people  to  abide  by  the  law,  or  whether  viola- 
tions are  secretly  practiced  and  the  officers  are  unable  to  appre- 
hend the  offenders,  remains  an  open  question.  It  is  a  fact  that 
an  intoxicated  person  appearing  in  public  is  now  immediately 
picked  up  and  taken  to  the  police  station,  while  hundreds  of 
drunken  men  escaped  arrest  under  old  conditions.  Either  they 
were  ordered  to  go  home,  or  they  remained  in  the  saloons  anc* 
were  undisturbed,  and  only  those  who  were  "down  and  out"  or 
otherwise  offensive,  were  arrested.  So  the  police  records  of  the 
prior  year  would  show  larger  total  monthly  arrests  if  the  vigil- 
ance of  today  had  been  exercised  by  officers. 

The  total  number  of  arrests  by  the  sheriff  of  Pima  county 
was  356  for  the  first  seven  months  of  19 14  and  280  for  the 
same  period  of  19 15.  None  of  those  for  the  191 5  period  were 
for  drunkenness.  There  were  a  large  number  of  arrests  for 
cattle  rustling  the  first  few  months  of  19 15,  and  about  fortv 
arrests  were  made  during  the  county  fair  of  suspects  who  were 
subsequently  released  by  the  sheriff.  The  first  few  months  of 
this  year  the  sheriff  had  four  deputies,  but  the  force  has  been 
reduced  to  three.  Illustrating  the  constant  decrease  of  crime,  the 
following  table  is  interesting.  The  statement  shows  a  steady 
decrease  of  arrests  with  the  exception  of  the  March  arrests,  over 
half  of  which  were  misdemeanors  having  no  connection  with 
the  sale  of  liquor: 

51 


Arrests  Made  by  the  Pima  County  Sheriff. 

1914  1915 

January    57  36 

February    „ 59  36 

March    _..  44  80   (a) 

April    40   (b)  34 

May    55  36 

June   47  25    (c) 

July    54  33 

356  280 

(a)  County   fair  caused   influx  of   pickpockets   and  petty 
thieves. 

(b)  Three  of  this  number  arrested  for  insanity. 

(c)  Two  of  this  number  arrested  for  insanity. 

There  has  been  an  increase  in  the  cost  of  meals  furnished 
prisoners  in  the  county  jail  due  to  the  price  per  meal  having  been 
raised  from  15  cents  to  20  cents.  The  six  months  of  19 14  cost 
$2,290.67,  while  the  same  period  of  this  year  cost  $3,008.05. 

The  following  table  shows  the  effect  upon  justice  courts  in 
Pima  County,  the  data  given  below  having  been  taken  from  the 
records  of  Justice  O.  C.  Comstock's  court  in  Tucson.  The  jus- 
tices outside  of  Tucson  do  practically  no  court  work. 

Fines  Civil  Fees 

1914  1915  1914  1915 

$572.20  $518.40  $369-65  $567.36 

No.  Criminal  Cases  No.  Civil  Cases 

1914  1915  1914  1915 

287  259  42  45 

The  total  cost  of  justice  courts  in  Pima  County  fell  off 
during  the  first  six  months  of  191 5,  the  cost  for  this  period 
being  $2,853.50,  and  $2,976.60  for  the  same  period  of  the  pre- 
ceding year.  A  number  of  justices  and  constables  were  added 
to  the  payroll  in  Pima  County,  too,  during  the  first  six  months 
of  1915. 

52 


The  total  receipts  from  fines  and  forfeitures  for  the  period 
amounted  to  $884.15  for  19 14,  and  $1,241.36  for  191 5,  showing 
again  that  the  loss  from  fines  which  was  supposed  to  follow 
prohibition  has  not  materialized. 

The  cost  of  the  juvenile  court  was  several  hundred  dollars 
less  for  the  period. 

The  total  number  of  divorce  cases  filed  in  the  superior  court 
of  Pima  County  was  twenty-six  during  the  six  months'  period 
of  19 14  and  twenty  during  the  same  period  for  191 5.  There 
were  107  civil  cases  filed  in  the  superior  court  for  all  causes  in 
1914  and  but  eighty-two  in  191 5  for  the  period  mentioned. 

Household  Furniture  and  Autos  Increase. 

Almost  half  of  the  loss  of  valuation  for  taxation  of  liquor 
stocks  is  made  up  by  household  furniture  this  year.  The  increase 
amounts  to  $23,515,  and  the  loss  of  stocks  of  liquors  was 
$50,000.  This  comparison  is  significant  not  only  in  its  rela- 
tion to  prohibition,  but  it  shows  that  money  put  into  furniture 
alone  will  in  another  year  make  up  the  total  loss  of  liquor 
taxation. 

There  have  been  more  automobiles  purchased  in  Pima 
County  the  first  six  months  of  this  year  than  for  any  similar 
period  of  months  in  the  history  of  the  county. 

The  increase  in  furniture  for  household  purposes,  and  auto- 
mobiles in  Pima  County  aggregates  $44,955,  a  trifle  less  than 
the  loss  of  liquor  valuations  for  taxation. 

Valuations  of  Real  Estate. 

Because  of  the  installation  of  the  Somer's  system  of  assess- 
ing real  estate  in  Pima  County  in  1914,  the  valuations  arrived 
at  that  year  were  left  standing  as  the  valuations  for  this  year, 
with  changes  here  and  there  in  individual  cases.  Next  year  a 
revaluation  of  all  real  estate  in  the  county  will  be  made,  and 
comparison  can  then  be  made  with  the  last  valuation.  That  there 
will  be  a  great  increase  no  one  can  doubt  who  has  kept  track  of 
improvements  made. 

The  increased  valuations  alone  will,  provide  enough  to  make 
up  the  so-called  loss  of  revenue  from  liquor  licenses. 

53 


More  Boys  Attending  School. 

There  were  204  more  boys  attending  school  in  Pima  County 
this  year  than  last  and  175  more  girls.  The  census  of  school 
children  shows  that  all  children  of  school  age  are  attending 
either  the  public  or  private  schools  in  the  county. 

Four  school  districts  began  in  July  of  this  year  to  prepare 
for  the  erection  of  handsome  school  buildings,  and  improve- 
ments are  contemplated  by  other  districts.  The  attendance  of  a 
number  of  district  schools  near  Tucson  is  expected  to  double 
this  fall  owing  to  an  influx  of  settlers  attracted  by  conditions 
here,  among  which  prohibition  occupies  an  important  place  in 
their  favorable  consideration  of  this  locality. 

Three  additional  districts  have  been  created  since  last  year, 
and  the  school  attendance  throughout  the  county  will  be  greater 
this  year  than  ever  before. 

Luxuries  Increase  Rapidly. 

For  every  forty  residents  of  Pima  Coimtv  there  was  one 
automobile  on  June  1st,  191 5,  while  the  same  date  of  the  pre- 
ceding year  there  was  one  automobile  for  every  fifty-two.  In 
other  words  there  were  129  more  automobiles  in  Pima  County 
on  June  1st  of  this  year  than  in  19 14  at  the  same  date.  At  the 
rate  sales  are  being  made  during  the  last  six  months  of  this  year 
there  will  be  almost  double  the  number  of  automobiles  in  Pima 
County  than  there  were  last  year. 

This  means  not  only  more  pleasure  for  those  who  enjoy 
autos,  but  it  means  that  industry  is  receiving  an  impetus  from  a 
new  source  which  is  of  substantial  benefit  to  the  community.  The 
total  number  of  mechanics  employed  is  increasing  as  autos  in- 
crease, the  aggregate  payrolls  become  larger,  supply  houses  in- 
crease their  sales  and  employ  more  help,  and  altogether  the  com- 
munity is  benefited  in  many  ways. 

Owing  to  a  uniform  reduction  in  the  price  of  cars,  the 
Pima  County  assessor  reduced  the  average  value  from  $610  to 
$500,  so  the  total  valuations  for  taxation  was  only  $251,780  in 
191 5  against  $230,300  in  1914.  Had  the  1914  average  of  $6ic 
been  used  in  191 5  the  total  valuation  would  have  been  $309,270. 

54 


Tucson  City  Government  Cost  Decreases. 

The  second  statement  presented  herewith  shows  how  the 
cost  of  Tucson  city  government  has  decreased  in  six  months. 
The  relation  of  prohibition  to  this  decreased  cost  appears  in  the 
public  welfare  branches  of  city  government.  Receipts  have  in- 
creased during  the  six  months  to  such  an  extent  that  all  but 
$13,000  of  the  $28,350  loss  of  revenue  from  saloon  licenses  is 
made  up.  There  has  been  a  saving  of  more  than  $6,000  from 
decreased  drunkenness  alone,  which  leaves  but  $7,000  of  this 
loss  of  revenue  from  licenses  to  account  for.  This  amount  will 
be  absorbed  before  the  year's  end  in  increased  efficiency  of 
labor,  improved  health  and  sanitary  conditions  because  of  better 
living  conditions  among  the  laborers,  better  moral  conditions, 
and  an  improved  tone  reflected  throughout  the  life  of  the  city. 

If  we  had  received  the  liquor  licenses  this  year  and  saloons 
were  run  as  before,  we  would  not  have  had  the  improved  condi- 
tions that  began  immediately  after  the  first  of  the  year.  Con- 
sequently we  would  have  had  the  revenue  from  licenses  together 
with  all  the  yearly  increase  in  cost  throughout  the  public  wel- 
fare departments  of  the  city. 

The  following  statement  shows  that  $14,683.42  has  been 
saved  in  the  cost  of  Tucson  government  during  the  first  six 
months  of  prohibition.  This  means  about  $30,000  for  the  year, 
>r  more  than  the  receipts  of  last  year  from  liquor  licenses.  So 
the  city  tax  rate  is  not  effected  by  prohibition  except  to  the 
credit  of  prohibition  in  helping  to  bring  about  better  conditions. 
First  let  us  give  an  example  of  this.  In  the  table  below  we 
deduct  the  extraordinary  expenses  for  the  six  months'  period 
as  though  they  had  not  occurred,  add  one-half  for  the  balance 
of  the  year,  take  the  estimated  receipts  for  the  entire  year,  and 
we  get  a  concrete  example  of  how  the  cost  of  the  city  govern- 
ment has  been  reduced  despite  the  loss  of  $28,350.00  from  whole- 
sale and  retail  liquor  licenses.    The  statements  follow: 

1914. 

Net  cost  of  city  $205,196.34 

Estimated  receipts,   including  $28,350.00 

in  liquor  licenses  138,864.03 

Raise  by  taxation  66,332.31 

Tax   rate   -442 

55 


1915. 

Net  cost  of  city  $175,829.50 

Estimated    receipts,    less    $28,350    from 

saloons  106,000.00 

Raise  by  taxation  69,829.50 

Tax   rate   _ .465 

The  difference  in  the  tax  rate  is  2.3c  notwithstanding  the 
loss  of  revenue  from  liquor  licenses.  Upon  the  normal  increase 
of  10  per  cent  in  the  cost  of  the  city  the  191 5  tax  rate  would 
be  expected  to  reach  an  additional  4.46c,  so  this  completely  ab- 
sorbs the  difference  of  2.3c.  Upon  this  analysis,  rather  than  a 
loss  there  was  a  gain  to  the  city. 

Saving  of  Over  $14,000  in  Six  Months 

The  following  statement  illustrates  the  decreased  cost  of 
city  government,  which  means  a  saving  of  $30,000  for  the  year: 

Expenditures 

1914  1915 

January    $  17,406.22  $  17,899.51 

February   21,813.98  25,301.11 

March    19,094.23  19,021.83 

April    15,61 1. 31  18,336.91 

May    16,659.10  22,263.14 

June   3377340  39,220.25 


$124,358.24  $142,042.75 

Extraordinary  expenditures  for  first  six  months: 

1914  1915 

Epidemic  of  smallpox $     2,142.75  $     1,900.00 

Old  Pueblo  Band 225.00 

Excess  sewer  pipe 2,688.02 

Armory  building  4,500.00 

Carnegie  library  furnace,  etc 450.00 

56 


J.  R.  Dunseath,  land  damage 485.85 

Water   for  schools. _ 535.10 

Water  for  sewers 1,158.30 

Interest  water  improvement  bonds 

6  months,   1914-15. 8,250.00 

New  boiler  and  smokestack 2,500.00 

Repairs  De  Laval  pump 1,250.00 

Ornamental  lighting  system 9>575-°5                 4,300.00 

Four  concrete  culverts 5,200.00 

River  control  2,000.00 

Flood  damage,   etc 6,500.00 

Improvements  at  Plant  No.  1 1,650.00 

Extension  Scott  St.  pipe  line 2,250.00 

Expenses  incident  to  flood 3,700.00 

N.  Side  grading,  Toole  Av.  paving  8,228.00 

Real  estate  purchase 6,400.00 


$  21,760.07  $  54,128.00 

Total  expenditures  $124,358.24  $142,042.75 

Extraordinary  expenses  21,760.07  54,128.00 


$102,598.17  $  87,914.75 

Net  difference  in  cost  of  city  for 

six  months (cr)       14,683.42 


$102,598.17  $102,598.17 

The  above  table,  showing  a  decrease  in  the  actual  cost  of 
Tucson  city  government  of  $14,683.42,  for  the  first  six  months 
of  191 5,  means  that  the  saving  for  the  year  will  be  nearly 
$30,000.  To  go  further  it  means  that  the  normal  increase  of 
ten  per  cent,  amounting  to  $10,235.91,  will  be  saved  and  $30,000 
additional. 

A  Profitable  Departure. 

That  prohibition,  even  with  the  first  six  months  as  an  in- 
dex, has  proven  profitable  to  Tucson,  there  can  be  no  doubt. 
The  falling  off  in  crime,  the  almost  complete  absence  of  fight- 
ing which  so  often  resulted  in  felonies,  larger  receipts  through 

57 


improved  conditions,  all  shows  that  the  law  of  compensation  has 
not  ceased  to  exist  in  spite  of  what  some  people  who  still  favor 
saloons  may  say.  Fines  that  came  from  arrests  for  fighting  are 
twice  made  up  by  fines  for  violations  of  traffic  regulations  and 
ordinances,  and  there  are  other  illustrations  throughout  the 
county  and  city  government  which  bear  out  this  contention. 

There  were  255  less  arrests  for  drunkenness  in  the  city  of 
Tucson  the  first  six  months  of  191 5.  The  1914  cost  per  arrest 
was  $12.50,  which  means  a  saving  of  $3,187.50  from  drunken- 
ness alone,  or  $6,375  f°r  the  year. 

July  shows  a  decrease  and  August  shows  four  arrests  for 
drunkenness.  August,  1914,  shows  eighty-one  arrests  for  this 
offense.  Take  these  months  of  19 14  and  you  will  find  that 
the  illustration  of  savings  from  drunkenness  is  low  to  what  it 
will  actually  be  when  the  year  ends. 

There  is  a  constant  monthly  falling  off  of  all  of  the  ele- 
ments which  combine  to  make  local  government  expensive. 

There  were  thirty-one  arrests  for  fighting  in  August,  19 14, 
and  none  for  the  corresponding  month  of  191 5. 

Readjustment  of  Business. 

With  twenty-eight  saloons  removed  from  the  trading  life  of 
Tucson,  there  came  a  readjustment  of  business  to  some  extent, 
since  many  traders  dealt  directly  with  or  depended  upon  the 
saloons  for  benefits,  and  others  were  injured  by  the  existence 
of  the  saloons  in  the  community. 

The  city  license  list  shows  that  there  were  eighty- seven  mer- 
chants in  Tucson  the  first  six  months  of  19 14.  On  July  1st 
of  this  year  we  find  there  are  10 1  merchants.  The  number  of 
Chinese  stores  has  dropped  from  seventy-two  to  sixty-three, 
which  is  significant,  since  the  Chinese  stores  depend  largely  upon 
the  wage  earner  of  the  unskilled  class  who  live  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  store  and  are  known  to  the  merchant.  He  trusts  them  from 
week  to  week  and  makes  up  his  losses  by  charging  more  for  his 
goods.  The  laborer  now  finds  that  he  has  the  larger  field  of 
the  uptown  stores  open  to  him  since  his  savings  have  increased, 
arid  many  of  them  are  now  running  monthly  accounts  with  the 
large  stores.     So  the  Chinese  store  was,  in  many  instances  in  the 

58 


city,  closely  allied  with  the  saloon  traffic  and  has  suffered  with 
the  close  of  the  saloons. 

The  highest  number  of  licenses  issued  to  peddlers  during  the 
first  six  months  of  19 14  was  fifty,  while  but  twenty-two  was 
the  high  point  for  the  same  period  of  191 5.  This  is  also  a  signif- 
icant indication  of  better  conditions  among  the  poorer  residents 
of  the  city.  Peddlers  flourish  where  hand-to-mouth  conditions 
exist,  but  when  laborers  are  saving  their  money  the  housewives 
look  to  the  bargains  in  the  uptown  stores. 

Hotels  and  rooming  houses  have  increased  from  thirty-one 
to  thirty-three,  drugstores  from  six  to  seven,  milk  licenses  from 
eight  to  nine,  cleaning  and  pressing  from  nine  to  eleven  and 
fruit  stands  from  five  to  six.  Two  more  bakeries  are  necessary 
to  furnish  the  bread  required. 

The  number  of  licenses  for  the  sale  of  soft  drinks  has 
doubled.  There  are  sixteen  of  these  places  where  there  were  but 
eight  last  year.  It  is  noticeable  that  the  soft  drinks  are  not  so 
much  in  demand  as  they  were  immediately  following  the  closing 
of  the  saloons,  which  indicates  that  the  treating  habit  is  grad- 
ually dying  out  or  that  people  are  find  the  wholesome  water  of 
the  city  refreshing  enough. 

Barber  shops  have  increased  from  nineteen  to  twenty-five. 

Amusements  and  Pleasures  Affected. 

The  first  half  of  19 14  there  were  fifty-eight  pool  tables  in 
Tucson  and  the  same  period  of  191 5  there  are  seventy-five.  The 
pool  rooms  are  well  patronized  and  all  of  them  are  openly  con- 
ducted and  orderly.  Hundreds  of  young  men  who  formerly 
lounged  about  saloons  now  find  wholesome  enjoyment  in  pool 
and  billiard  games. 

There  are  eleven  theaters  in  Tucson,  four  of  them  having 
been  built  this  year.  The  total  seating  capacity  of  the  theaters 
is  5,050,  while  the  total  seating  capacity  of  those  of  the  preceding 
year  was  3,050.  The  license  list  shows  four  licenses  for  1914 
and  seven  for  1015.  The  attendance  is  very  large  even  during 
the  summer  months.  The  increase  in  attendance  was  very  notice- 
able following  the  closing  of  the  saloons. 

59 


Savings  Go  Into  Homes. 

A  casual  survey  of  the  outlying  residential  sections  of  Tuc- 
son reveals  what  the  official  record  of  building  permits  confirms, 
that  there  are  more  homes  being  built  than  ever  before.  In  order 
to  show  how  the  man  of  small  means  is  now  investing  him  money 
in  a  home,  the  table  below  shows  not  only  the  total  number  of 
building  permits  for  the  month,  but  shows  the  number  where  the 
structure  cost  $1,000  or  less.  This  comparison  with  the  prior 
two  years  is  convincing  proof  that  the  wage  earners  are  building 
or  improving  homes: 

Year  1914  Year  191 5 

$1000  or  less    Permits  $1000  or  less  Permits 

Total     Tot.No.of  Total     Tot.No.of 

Number     $1,000  Number        $1,000 

Permits     or  Less  Permits       or  Less 

January    12               5  33               22 

February    11                5  25                20 

March  15               3  35               27 

April  17          ,7  27               20 

May 13               5  23               17 

June    21               7  46               32 

July    16               7  15                 7 


105  39  2°4  145 

In  order  that  the  illustration  may  be  carried  further,  the 
following  statement  for  the  year  191 3,  when  there  were  thirty- 
one  saloons  in  Tucson,  the  limit  allowed  under  the  city  ordinance, 
is  given.  The  year  191 3  was  generally  regarded  as  a  more 
prosperous  year  than  19 14,  but  just  how  prosperous  it  really  was, 
compared  with  the  first  seven  months  of  191 5,  the  following 
table  is  informative: 

Year  19 13 
Tot.  No.  Permits     Tot.No.$iooo  or  Less 

January 9  3 

February 9  2 

March  16  1 1 

60 


April  25  16 

May    „ 1 5  9 

June    12  6 

July 1  o  5 


96  52 


Crime  Decreasing  Rapidly. 


The  rapid  decrease  of  crime  began  immediately  upon  the 
advent  of  prohibition  in  Arizona,  in  spite  of  most  adverse  in- 
dustrial conditions.  The  State  was  filled  with  vagrants,  many 
of  them  worthy  men  seeking  work,  and  every  county  and  city 
was  called  upon  to  feed  and  help  along  this  army.  Private  or- 
ganizations have  done  more  charitable  work  since  the  first  of 
the  year  than  ever  before  in  the  history  of  the  State,  and  ninety 
per  cent  of  those  applying  for  this  assistance  came  from  other 
state.  The  local  charitable  work  became  very  light,  and  in  most 
places  in  the  State  fell  off  entirely,  just  as  soon  as  the  procession 
of  unemployed  travelers  passed  on  or  obtained  work  in  Arizona. 
In  order  to  give  some  idea  of  the  number  of  vagrants,  the 
police  records  of  Tucson  afford  an  example  of  what  almost  every 
city  in  the  State  experienced  the  first  few  months  of  191 5.  Those 
who  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  police  were,  for  the  most  part,  of 
the  class  that  is  commonly  known  as  the  American  tramp,  but 
many  were  laborers  who  could  not  find  employment.  The  fol- 
lowing comparison  will  show  the  number  of  vagrants  in  the  Tuc- 
son police  station  for  the  first  seven  months  of  this  year  com- 
pared with  the  same  period  of  19 14: 

Year 
Month  19 14  19 1 5 

January    73  160 

February    22  52 

March    2  53 

April  12  41 

May    3  1 6 

June o  15 

July    4  1 1 

116  348 

61 


The  above  indicates  to  some  extent  the  burden  which  many 
Arizona  cities  had  to  bear  the  first  half  of  this  year  in  charitable 
work  among  the  wanderers  from  the  east  who  stopped  off  here 
and  there  in  the  State,  all  of  them  destitute  and  to  be  fed  and 
clothed  as  they  could  get  assistance  along  the  way.  This  army  of 
unemployed  naturally  increased  crime,  for  many  were  either 
hardened  offenders  or  were  driven  by  sheer  desperation  to  steal- 
ing. So  the  crime  statistics  which  are  presented  below  in  this 
report  are  directly  affected  by  this  unusual  movement  of  idle 
men  through  the  State,  and  in  considering  the  comparisons  given, 
this  element  should  not  be  lost  sight  of.  Even  though  the 
vagrancy  list  was  the  largest  it  has  been  for  years,  crime  has 
decreased  at  an  enormous  rate  during  the  first  seven  months 
of  prohibition.  The  following  statement  shows  this  conclusively, 
the  record  of  the  Tucson  police  department  being  used  to  illus- 
trate it: 


Month. 
January, 
February 
March 
April 
May 
June 
July 


total  arrests.. 


1914 

•138 
.102 

•  97 
.110 
.112 

-H3 
.104 


1915 
206  (a) 

75 
88 

143  (b) 
93 
56 
79 


806  740 

Excess  for  vagrancy  over  19 14  232 


508 


(a)  A  general  roundup  of  tramps  was  made  by 
the  police  in  January,  191 5,  resulting  in  160  arrests 
for  this  offense. 

(b)  The  large  total  for  April,  191 5,  was  due  to 
fifty-one  arrests  made  for  violations  of  the  traffic 
ordinance. 

With  the  exception  of  January  and  April  the  191 5  arrests 

62 


each  month  have  fallen  off  in  Tucson,  and  this  is  true  of  the 
cities  generally  throughout  the  State. 

The  records  showing  the  arrests  for  drunkenness  in  Tucson 
for  the  seven  months  of  this  year  as  compared  with  the  same 
period  of  the  prior  year  are  satisfactory  except  as  they  bear 
upon  the  enforcement  of  the  prohibition  amendment.  The 
Tucson  records  are  used  in  the  following  statement: 

Year 

Month.                                                   1914  191 5 

January 33  18 

February   _ 29  19 

March    60  14 

April    64  23 

tf*y  - 85  13 

June 74  3 

July    60  1 3 


405  103 

During  19 14  there  were  a  large  number  of  arrests  for 
fighting  and  disturbing  the  peace,  which  offenses  were  directly 
attributable  to  liquor  but  docketed  under  other  headings.  These 
offenses  have  fallen  off  to  none  for  month  after  month. 

Tucson  has  a  restricted  district  known  as  the  Alley,  for 
fallen  women.  A  monthly  fee  of  $5  is  collected  by  the  city 
from  the  women  living  there.  Examination  of  the  number  of 
receipts  for  this  payment  issued  for  the  seven  months  of  1914 
and  the  seven  months  of  191 5  from  January  1st  to  July  31st, 
shows  that  there  was  a  monthly  average  of  forty-one  women 
in  the  Alley  for  that  period  of  19 14  and  an  average  of  thirty 
for  the  same  period  of  191 5.  These  figures  are  given  in  further 
confirmation  of  the  direct  alliance  of  the  traffic  of  liquor  and 
the  traffic  of  human  bodies. 

PINAL  COUNTY 

The  total  arrests  in  Pinal  County  for  which  persons  served 
time  in  the  county  jail  at  Florence  numbered  171,  of  which  33  were 

63 


made  by  the  city  marshal  of  Florence.  Of  this  total  48  were  county 
arrests  for  drunkenness  and  21  city  arrests  for  the  same  offense. 
Seventeen  of  the  arrests  were  for  murder  or  attempt  to  kill.  Com- 
pared with  the  same  period  for  191 5  we  find  no  murders  nor  at- 
tempts to  kill,  and  1 14  less  arrests  in  the  county,  including  the  county 
seat,  Florence.  The  following  table  affords  an  interesting  com- 
parison: 

Disturbing  Peace. Vagrancy.    Drunk'n's.      Assault.         Murder. 

1914    1915    1914    1915    1914    1915    1914    1915  1914    1915 
City  of  Florence      3           1           9           321          5          1 

Pinal  County  ....   30  6  6        48  6  17 

33  7  9  9        69        11  1  17 

There  were  two  arrests  for  violation  of  the  prohibition  amend- 
ment, one  of  the  accused  parties  receiving  a  suspended  sentence 
and  the  other  now  awaiting  the  action  of  the  grand  jury.  As  in  all 
counties  the  total  arrests  actually  made  do  not  appear  as  the  jail 
records  simply  show  those  actually  committed  by  the  justices  of  the 
peace  or  the  superior  court. 

Although  every  county  in  the  State  shows  decreasing  number 
of  murders,  Pinal  County's  record  compared  with  the  1914  period 
is  perhaps  the  best.  The  loss  in  earning  power  of  seventeen  men 
ati  $3  per  day  by  the  week  is  $18,564.  The  cost  of  prosecution, 
placing  the  cost  of  each  at  $500,  amounts  to  $7,500.  So  when  we 
apply  our  method  of  giving  prohibition  the  benefit  of  the  decreased 
cost  per  arrest  it  can  be  readily  seen  thai;  the  sum  arrived  at  upon 
this  basis  hardly  represents  the  actual  credit  which  is  due  prohibi- 
tion. The  per  capita  cost  of  arrests  in  Pinal  County  was  $61.30  the 
first  six  months  of  19 14.  With  eighty-six  less  arrests  the  saving 
was  $5,271.80  the  first  six  months  of  191 5.  The  following  table 
gives  the  amount  that  prohibition  is  charged  with  in  the  increased 
tax  rate: 


Prohibition 

First  six  months  of: 

1914 

1915 

Credit.           Del 

Cost  of  sheriff's  office 

$8,460.08 

$6,846.64 

Decrease  for  the  year 

$3,226.88 

Cost    superior    court 

4,851.60 

4,572.03 

Decrease  for  year  

559.14 

Miscellaneous: 

County  jail  

192.60 

110.00 

64 

Casa  Grande  jail 100.00  4.30 

Sonora   Town   jail 705.91  212.87 

Ray  jail   900.98  147.51 

Decrease  for  year 2,849.96 

Cost  of  justice  courts 4,299.78        3,275.27 

Decrease  for  year 2,049.02 

Cost  of  constables  1,800.13        1,733.00 

Number  of  saloons 25 

Including  Florence  6 

Tot'l  receipts,  licenses  saloons  7,500.00  $7,500.00 

Refund  unexpired  licenses 2,116.27 

Per  capita  cost  arrests 61.30 

86  less  arrests  at  $61.30 5,271.80 

County  tax  rate  .615  .74722 

Increase  for  1915 .13222 

Increase  due  to  prohibition...  .00000 

Due  to  other  sources .13222 

Due  to  road  bonds .05195 

Taxable  wealth,    1914,    $24,255,612.94. 
Taxable   wealth,    1915,    $25,231,432.99. 

Pinal  county  issued  $150,000  of  road  bonds  last  year  but  failed 
to  levy  for  interest  and  the  portion  of  redemption  funds  necessary, 
so  the  levy  this  year  is  for  two  years.  The  taxable  wealth  of  the 
county  increased  v$975, 820.95  in  191 5,  returning  to  the  county 
$7,242.73,  almost  making  up  the  loss  from  liquor  revenue.  It  is 
evident  that  the  public  welfare  departments  did  not  cause  the  in- 
crease in  tax  rates  in  Pinal  County  this  year,  but,  on  the  other  hand, 
show  a  falling  off  in  cost  which  would  warrant  a  decrease,  taken  in 
connection  with  the  increased  taxable  wealth. 

All  places  formerly  occupied  by  saloons  are  rented  in  Florence 
and  elsewhere  in  the  county,  and  the  general  appearance  of  the 
county  seat  and  the  mining  camps  is  greatly  improved.  The  ef- 
ficiency of  labor  in  the  Ray,  Superior  and  other  camps  is  very 
marked,  since  a  great  number  of  Mexicans  are  employed  who  for- 
mer! v  lost  a  great  deal  of  time  due  to  drink.  Accidents  have  de- 
creased, families  are  better  provided  with  food  and  clothing,  and 
altogether  there  is  a  vast  benefit  apparent  on  all  sides. 


SANTA  CRUZ  COUNTY 

Santa  Cruz,  a  border  county,  with  Nogales  as  the  chief  center 
of  population,  naturally  does  not  afford  an  opportunity  for  favor- 
able comparison  of  conditions  under  prohibition.    While  the  sheriff 

65 


may  exert  his  best  efforts  to  prevent  traffic  in  liquor,  the  task  is  n 
heavy  one  owing  to  the  city's  location  on  the  international  border 
line,  with  the  settlement  on  each  side  of  the  border  divided  by  bur 
a  street's  width.  With  saloons  running  wide  open  on  the  Mexico 
side  of  the  street  and  people  going  and  coming  as  usual  there  is  not 
only  the  chance  for  smuggling  liquor  but  there  is  nothing  to  pre- 
vent anyone  from  crossing  the  border  and  filling  up  on  booze.  The 
records  of  arrests  do  not  represent  the  condition  applied  solely  to 
Nogales  and  Santa  Cruz  County,  but  rather  shows  the  old  condi- 
tions even  though  the  saloons  in  Nogales  are  closed. 

The  total  arrests  for  drunkenness  through  the  sheriff's  office 
the  first  six  months  of  191 4  was  twenty-eight  and  for  the  same 
period  of  191 5  the  total  was  twenty-five.  In  the  city  of  Nogales 
there  were  seventy  arrests  for  drunkenness  by  city  officers  for  191 5.. 
There  were  fifty-one  arrests  by  the  sheriff  for  violations  of  the  pro- 
hibition amendment  which  shows  that  he  is  making  an  effort  to 
suppress  the  liquor  traffic.  Prior  to  January  I,  1915,  there  were 
ten  saloons  and  one  wholesale  house  in  Santa  Cruz  County.  Th^ 
total  arrests  for  1914  was  ninetv-four  and  for  1Q15,  161. 

The  total  number  of  criminal  cases  docketed  in  the  superior 
court  was  nine  for  the  first  six  months  of  1914  and  sixty-two  for 
the  same  period  of  191 5. 

The  total  cost  of  the  sheriff's  office  for  six  months  naturallv 
increased  from  $2,716.50  in  1914  to  $3,075.55  in  1Q15. 

Although  the  revenue  from  seven  saloons  and  one  wholesale 
liquor  house  was  lost,  the  Nogales  tax  rate  was  reduced  from 
$0.008551  in  1914  to  $0.0083  m  T9I5-  The  number  of  police  and 
guards  was  four  for  both  periods. 

There  was  an  increase  of  $584,179.91  in  valuations  in  the 
county  in  191 5,  yet  the  tax  rate  for  county  purposes  increased  22 T/ 
cents.  Of  this  increased  tax  rate  the  portion  caused  by  the  loss  of 
revenue  from  liquor  licenses  is  shown  below: 

1914  TQ15 

Taxable  wealth $6,374,524.07     $6,958,603.08 

Tax  rate  1. 1 5  1.3 75 

Increase  in  tax  rate .225 

Increase    due    to    loss    of    liquor 

revenue  .00474 

Due  to  other  sources .22026 

66 


YAVAPAI  COUNTY 

After  a  strenuous  fight  to  stop  the  sale  of  liquor,  Sheriff  Joe 
Young  has  the  situation  well  in  hand  in  Yavapai  County,  and  it  is 
now  one  of  the  cleanest  counties  in  the  State.  There  were  sixty 
liquor  licenses  issued  in  Yavapai  County  in  19 14,  and  the  wets 
did  not  submit  kindly  to  the  innovation  which  put  these  saloons  out 
of  business  forever.  The  people  of  the  county  had  their  eyes  opened 
to  the  moral  benefit  of  prohibition  at  the  Frontier  Day  celebration 
this  summer  when  10,000  people  visited  the  exercises  and  sports 
and  not  a  drunken  man  was  to  be  found  among  them.  The  sheriff's 
office  and  city  police  had  no  trouble  whatever,  and  the  condition 
was  so  marked  that  even  former  adherents  of  open  saloons  became 
convinced  of  the  benefit  which  had  come  to  the  people  generally. 
The  statement  was  made  by  Under  Sheriff  Marks  that  $10,000  will 
be  saved  this  year  in  the  sheriff's  office,  and  those  figures  are  pretty 
well  borne  out  by  the  first  six  months,  which  was  as  follows  for 
the  two  years: 

First  Six  Months  of 

1914  1915 

Sheriff's   salary  $  1,833.33  $  i^33-25 

•    Deputies,   guards  5,658.87  3,293.00 

Expense,    supplies  2,998.85  3,119.82 

Prison  board  2,431.07  1,482.87 

Miscellaneous  _ 467.50  39-58 


$13,389.62     $  9,768.52 

There  were  143  arrests  in  19 14  and  83  in  191 5  for  the  six 
months.  The  per  capita  cost  was  $93.63,  and  with  60  less  arrests 
for  191 5  the  saving  was  $5,617.80.  There  were  24  arrests  for 
violation  of  the  prohibition  amendment,  which  returned  $2,165  m 
fines  and  cost  about  $1,200  in  the  expense  of  sheriff's  office,  courts 
and  justices.  There  were  20  coroner's  inquests  for  the  19 14  period 
and  13  for  191 5.  There  were  16  divorce  cases  filed  in  19 14  and 
13  in  191 5.  The  inmates  at  the  poor  farm  entered  for  the  1914 
period  numbered  87  while  for  the  191 5  period  but  51.  The  number 
of  boys  attending  school  was  1,200  in  19 14  and  1,274  in  191 5,  and 

67 


the  girls  increased  from  1,089  to  M66.  There  are  four  new  schooi 
districts  this  year. 

Yavapai  County  has  a  bond  issue  of  $250,000  for  a  new  court 
house.  This  year  there  was  a  levy  for  $20,500  for  bonds,  requiring 
a  rate  of  4^  cents.  The  county  rate  in  1914  was  55J/2  and  in 
1915  it  was  61  cents,  an  increase  of  5J/2  cents,  of  which  the  bond 
levy  was*  4J/2  cents,  leaving  1  cent  as  the  levy  for  other  purposes. 
The  loss  of  liquor  revenue  of  $17,900  would  require  a  tax  rate  of 
3.8  cents,  so  2.8  cents  of  this  loss  is  admittedly  made  up  through 
savings  in  the  public  welfare  and  other  departments.  Owing  to 
the  fact  that  fees  were  paid  justices  and  constables  in  1914  and 
salaries  in  19 15  the  cost  of  justice  courts  has  increased.  There  are 
five  additional  justice  courts  in  the  county  in  1915.  The  usual 
comparison  is  of  no  value  in  this  county  as  to  justice  court  and 
constable  costs.  The  cost  of  justice  courts  and  constables  doubled 
in  19 1 5  due  to  the  change  from  fees  to  salaries  and  the  additional 
courts  cost  $1,576.78  for  six  months.  The  fact  that  there  were 
thirty-four  arrests  for  drunkenness  by  county  officers  in  19 14  and 
only  six  in  191 5  shows  that  the  additional  cost  was  not  due  to  pro- 
hibition. In  fact,  the  most  of  the  justice  courts  have  had  no  cases 
of  this  kind;  and  the  violations  of  the  prohibition  amendment  re- 
turned nearly  $1,000  in  excess  of  the  cost  of  prosecutions. 

The  fact  must  be  deduced  from  the  foregoing  that  prohibition 
with  its  increment  of  $93.63  for  each  of  the  sixty  less  arrests  for 
the  first  six  months  of  191 5  caused  an  additional  saving  of  $5,517.80 
for  that  period  and  $10,255.60  for  the  year  at  that  rate. 

City  of  Prescott 

Prescott  had  more  saloons  in  proportion  to  population  than 
any  city  in  the  State,  hence  its  recovery  is  slower.  There  are 
a  number  of  former  saloons  still  vacant.  The  city  has  a  good, 
wholesome  appearance,  and  the  beneficial  effects  of  prohibition 
are  admitted  even  by  many  former  saloon  adherens.  Th-;- 
arrests  for  the  six  months  were  as  follows: 

1914  1915 

Drunkenness 26  1 5 

Vagrancy  16  7 

68 


Misdemeanor  . 48  22 


90  44 

For  three  months  there  were  no  inmates  of  the  city  jail, 
and  if  the  condition  improves  as  it  has  been  going  there  will 
be  no  use  for  a  city  bastile  in  Prescott.  The  average  monthly 
licensed  women  for  the  period  was  26  in  1914  and  22  in  191 5. 

The  total  cost  of  the  city  government  for  the  two  years 
as  given  in  the  city  budget  is  as  follows: 

1914-5  1915-6 

Actual   expenditures  $      83,691.89  S      82,229.71* 

Receipts  other  than  gen- 
eral  taxation  56,998.67  44,791.00 

Taxation  to  raise  $      26,693.22     $      37,438.71 

Valuations   $3,897,050.00     $4,400,000.00 

Tax   rate   .75  1.00 

Taxes  by  rates $      29,227.87     $      44,000.00 

*  Estimated. 

It  seems  that  $6,561.29  in  excess  of  the  amount  estimated 
by  the  budget  is  being  raised  for  191 5-6  at  the  $1  tax  rate. 
The  tax  rate,  it  would  seem,  should  be  85  cents  for  191 5-16. 
The  base  of  valuations  was  raised  from  75  per  cent  to  100  per 
cent.  If  the  increase  was  uniform  and  the  same  amount  of 
property  was  subject  to  taxation  in  191 5-16,  there  should  have 
been  $4,871,312  in  valuations,  but  there  appears  to  be  a  loss 
of  $471,312  in  shifting  the  base  of  valuations.  This  repre^ 
sents  a  loss  of  $4,713.12  in  revenue  from  taxation. 

The  per  capita  cost  of  arrests  was  $48.78  in  1914-5,  and 
with  forty-six  less  arrests  the  saving  is  $2,242.88.  For  the 
year  at  this  rate  the  saving  will  amount  to  $4,485.76.  The  loss 
of  fines  for  the  year  will  be  $1,502.42  upon  the  six  months' 
basis  of  receipts,  or  $6,702.42  with  saloon  licenses.  The  net 
charge  against  prohibition  then  is  $2,216.66.  The  proportion 
of  the  increased  tax  rate  of  $1  due  to  prohibition  is  a  trifle 
over  5  cents. 

69 


YUMA  COUNTY 

With  222  less  arrests  for  all  offenses,  and  only  six  cases  of 
drunkenness,  against  150  for  the  six  months'  period,  Yuma  County 
has  felt  the  benefit  of  the  prohibition  amendment.  There  were 
nine  arrests  for  violation  of  the  amendment  during  the  six  months 
and  fines  aggregating  $1,086  paid  by  violators.  There  was  an  in- 
crease in  the  county  tax  rate  of  .417  this  year,  and  the  following 
statement  will  show  that  the  increase  was  not  due  to  prohibition. 

Prohibition. 

First  six  months  of:  1914  1915  Credit.  Debit. 

Cost  of  sheriff's  office $8,341.81      $8,620.59 

Increase  for  the  year $       557.56 

Cost    superior    court 5,611.44        8,255.00 

Increase  for  the  year 4,287.12 

Number  of  justice  courts 9  13 

Cost  of  justice  courts 2,910.37        3,747.25 

Average  cost  nine  courts 323.33 

Cost  four  additional  courts....  1,293.32 

Comparison   less  cost  of  four 

additional    courts    2,910.37        2,453.93 

Decrease  for  the   year $       912.88 

Fees  justice  courts  and  fines..    1,003.9  3        2,250.00 

Increase  for  the  year 2,492.04 

Liquor    licenses    6,840.00 

Per  capita  cost  sheriff's  office         21.49 

Number    of   arrests 388  166 

Number  for  drunkenness 150  6 

Violations  prohibition  9 

Fines  for   violations 1,086.00 

Number  deputies  employed....  3  3 

222   less  arrests 9,541.56 

Fees  clerk  superior  court 1,024.00        1,499.30 

Fees  recorder  2,365.40        2,353.08 

Coroner's  inquests 12  7 


$12,946.48    $11,684.6! 

County  tax  rates  .89  1.307 

Increase  in  rate  .417 

Due  to  prohibition  .000 

Taxable   wealth,    1914,    $13,766,140.04. 
Taxable   wealth,    1915,    $14,277,941.72. 

The  items  responsible  for  the  increase  of  the  tax  rate  are: 

Court  house  bond  interest  $   1,000.00 

Visiting  judge's  expenses  100.00 

Clerk  superior  court  100.00 

70 


Bailiffs    200.00 

Interpreters    100.00 

Jurors'  fees  and  mileage 5,000.00 

Indigent  witnesses  1 00.00 

Juvenile   court  _ 360.00 

Assistant  clerk  board  supervisors 300.00 

Stationery    150.00 

Expense  board,  traveling  300.00 

Court  house  expense  75°. 00 

Bounty  on  wild  animals  3,250.00 

County  hospital,  etc 2,675.00 

Ranger  and  other  expenses 1,090.00 

County  attorney  3  50.00 

Treasurer  250.00 

New  justice  courts,  increases 2,235.00 

Interest,  $500,000  road  bonds  27,800.00 

$46,110.00 

The  increase  in  taxable  wealth  returns  $6,740.40  for  county 
purposes  which  about  equals  the  loss  of    revenue  from  liquor. 

The  increased  cost  of  Yuma  County  government  is  due  then 
to  increased  operation  and  maintenance  and  public  improvement 
undertakings,  the  latter  making  up  the  larger  item  of  increase. 

It  is  contended  that  the  construction  of  county  roads  will  re- 
sult in  increasing  the  taxable  wealth  of  the  county  sufficient  to  make 
up  this  difference. 

City  of  Yuma 

The  80  cent  tax  rate  of  Yuma  remains  the  same  this  year. 
The  valuation  of  taxable  property  was  $2,625,989.07  in  1914 
and  $2,726,105.55  in  191 5.  The  cost  of  the  police  department 
was  less  by  reason  of  the  number  of  police  being  reduced. 
There  were  three  to  four  in  1914  and  two  in  191 5.  The  police 
court  records  were  not  kept  up  until  August,  19 14,  hence  there 
is  no  chance  for  comparison  of  arrests.  From  May  18,  191 5, 
to  September  1,  191 5,  there  were  eight  arrests.  Most  of  the 
Yuma  arrests  are   shown   in   the   statement   relative   to   Yuma 

71 


County.     There  were  thirteen  retail  saloons  and  three  whole- 
sale in  the  city  of  Yuma. 


SUMMARY  OF  THE  SIX  MONTHS  OF  191 5 

The  results  of  prohibition  as  shown  in  the  foregoing  pages 
leaves  absolutely  no  question  of  the  marvelous  benefit  that  has  come 
to  Arizona  in  this  brief  period.  I  have  dealt  with  the  effect  upon 
municipal  government  at  great  length  in  order  to  show  that  tax 
rates  for  19 15  were  based  not  upon  actual  profit  together  with 
loss,  but  upon  loss  of  revenue  alone.  The  counties  in  making  up 
budgets,  estimated,  without  reason,  when  they  concluded  fines 
would  be  less.  Instead  they  have  increased  from  $10,361.95  for 
the  first  six  months. of  1914  to  $12,391.20  for  the  first  six  months 
of  191 5.  The  actual  expenditures  of  the  sheriff's  offices  of  ten 
"wet"  counties  the  first  six  months  of  1914  aggregated  $112,917.35, 
while  for  the  same  period  of  191 5  it  amounted  to  but  $106,534.87. 
Superior  courts  for  the  first  six  months  of  1914  cost  $91,336.99 
and  for  the  same  period  of  191 5  they  cost,  but  $85,456.47.  Jus- 
tices courts,  with  over  twenty  additional  courts  in  1915,  cost  $58,- 
168.93  f°r  Slx  months  of  1915  and  $57,815.11  for  the  same  period 
of  1914.  Fees  were  paid  justices  and  constables  in  1914  and  sal- 
aries in  191 5,  which  greatly  increased  the  cost  to  counties.  The 
fees  returned  to  the  counties  have  run  far  short!  of  making  up  the 
difference  in  cost  caused  by  the  change  from  fees  to  salaries. 

The  increased  tax  rates  in  many  of  the  counties  are  not  justi- 
fied by  the  first  six  months'  cost  of  county  government.  In 
many  the  loss  of  revenue  from  liquor  licenses  will  be  more  than 
made  up  at  the  end  of  the  year.  In  some  counties  there  was  an- 
tagonism to  prohibition,  and  that,  together  with  the  apparent  dis- 
position to  increase  rates  in  1915  in  order  to  collect  enough  money 
from  taxpayers  to  tide  over  decreases  to  be  made  next  year  when 
campaigns  are  on  for  county  offices,  presented  opportunities  for 
charging  prohibition  with  all  the  increased  rates  of  191 5. 

The  final  summing  up  shows  that  general  conditions  have  im- 
proved immensely  throughout  the  State  during  this  brief  period  of 
six  months,  and  under  conditions  following  the  sudden  wiping  out 

72 


of  444  saloons  and  wholesale  houses  handling  liquor.  The  last  six 
months  will  show  a  greater  improvement  if  the  same  conditions 
prevail.  But  if  people  are  allowed  to  ship  liquor  into  the  State  for 
their  personal  use  we  shall  soon  return  to  the  old  conditions  greatly 
aggravated  by  bootlegging  and  blind  pigs.  The  bars  will  be  dropped 
once  more,  and  we  will  step  back  to  worse  conditions  than  before. 

THOMAS  K.  MARSHALL. 

Tucson,  Arizona. 


73 


01     ^ALIFC 


■  YC  07524 


«* 


